Analysis of Truck Tractor Tire Damage in the Context of the Study of Road Accident Causes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Analyzed Road Incident
3. Characterization of Damaged Tire and Methods of its Testing
- Primewell PTL711 tire;
- Size: 385/65R22.5 160K (160-load index: 4500 kg; K-speed index: 110 km/h);
- 18PR-conventional number of canvases (interleaves);
- A radial, tubeless, all-steel cord tire designed for long-distance transport;
- According to the additional load capacity marking on the sidewall, the maximum load is 4500 kg at a pressure of 900 kPa;
- The tire has European approval (E4 0019845 010950-3) and the American safety certificate DOT 9U3W J92;
- The tire is adapted to regeneration by deepening the tread (“regroovable” designation).
- A crack on the side of the tire, approximately 300 mm long (marked with number 4 in Figure 5), located along the angular length of 270 ÷ 315° W on the part of the tire named “belt”;
- Irregular sidewall abrasions on the “belt” on both sides of the tire around the entire circumference;
- Local deformation of the side resulted from damage to the cord (Figure 7), which was at the 110° W site.
- Inspection of the tire tread allowed us to identify the following characteristics:
- Local loss of material on the tread face with the exposed cord (marked with the number 1 in Figure 8), which was in the place marked with 90° Z;
- Tearing of the tread face (marked with number 2 in Figure 9), located in the place marked 140° W;
- The structure of the material in the grooves and edges of the tread indicates that the tire tread has not been regrooved.
4. Tire Testing Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions
- There were no indications that the tire rupture was caused by external exposure to the metal part.
- Crack analysis (e.g., delamination of material coatings and traces of corrosion on steel wires) shows that the structure of the tire was weakened in the place of the crack. This could be the result of two independent reasons. The first of them could have been caused by much earlier damage to the tire, followed by the ingress of moisture inside, which initiated the corrosion processes of the steel cord wires. The second reason may be related to the tire’s design defect in the use of a cord with traces of corrosion during production.
- As indicated in the literature, in cases where the structure of the tire is weakened, it may become unsealed (cracked) during the operation of the vehicle. Taking into account the authors’ experience, there has not been a case of tire fracture in a situation where the place of weakening of its structure did not coincide with the place of external force. However, such a possibility cannot be categorically ruled out.
- Disclosed traces of abrasions on the tire sidewall, on both sides (on the “belt”), are a significant premise for accepting with a very high probability that before the collision with Car A, the left front wheel of the truck tractor made at least one full turn during which the tire vibrated, indicating a leakage occurred prior to the crash.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Drozd, K.; Tarkowski, S.; Caban, J.; Nieoczym, A.; Vrábel, J.; Krzysiak, Z. Analysis of Truck Tractor Tire Damage in the Context of the Study of Road Accident Causes. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 12333. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122312333
Drozd K, Tarkowski S, Caban J, Nieoczym A, Vrábel J, Krzysiak Z. Analysis of Truck Tractor Tire Damage in the Context of the Study of Road Accident Causes. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(23):12333. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122312333
Chicago/Turabian StyleDrozd, Kazimierz, Sławomir Tarkowski, Jacek Caban, Aleksander Nieoczym, Jan Vrábel, and Zbigniew Krzysiak. 2022. "Analysis of Truck Tractor Tire Damage in the Context of the Study of Road Accident Causes" Applied Sciences 12, no. 23: 12333. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122312333
APA StyleDrozd, K., Tarkowski, S., Caban, J., Nieoczym, A., Vrábel, J., & Krzysiak, Z. (2022). Analysis of Truck Tractor Tire Damage in the Context of the Study of Road Accident Causes. Applied Sciences, 12(23), 12333. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122312333