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Article

Fermatean Fuzzy DEMATEL and MMDE Algorithm for Modelling the Barriers of Implementing Education 4.0: Insights from the Philippines

by
Gamaliel Gonzales
1,2,
Felix Costan
1,
Decem Suladay
1,
Roselyn Gonzales
1,
Lynne Enriquez
1,
Emily Costan
1,
Nadine May Atibing
3,
Joerabell Lourdes Aro
3,
Samantha Shane Evangelista
3,
Fatima Maturan
3,
Egberto Selerio, Jr.
3 and
Lanndon Ocampo
3,4,*
1
College of Education at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao 6004, Philippines
2
Educational Research and Resource Center, Cebu Technological University, Danao 6004, Philippines
3
Center for Applied Mathematics and Operations Research, Cebu Technological University, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
4
Department of Industrial Engineering, Cebu Technological University, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(2), 689; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020689
Submission received: 15 November 2021 / Revised: 19 December 2021 / Accepted: 21 December 2021 / Published: 11 January 2022
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Abstract

Technological transitions in the education sector of developing economies are faced with a range of barriers, involving resource scarcity, socio-cultural concerns, and issues related to management and policy. The popularity of Industry 4.0 has prompted Education 4.0 (EDUC4), an approach to learning that involves transformation using advanced technologies. While a recent work reported a comprehensive list of barriers to EDUC4 implementation, particularly in developing economies, further analysis to identify those priority barriers remains a gap. Thus, this work addresses this gap by introducing a novel methodological extension of the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method following the integration of Fermatean fuzzy sets (FFS). The FFS, compared to other fuzzy environments, could capture higher levels of uncertainties that are associated when eliciting judgments necessary for the DEMATEL. Such integration is aided by the maximum mean de-entropy (MMDE) algorithm, which analytically determines the threshold value crucial for constructing the prominence-relation map of the DEMATEL. Following its application in evaluating the implementation of EDUC4 in Philippine universities, the critical barriers are the lack of training resources, costs, insufficiency of available technologies, skills gap of human resources, knowledge gap, and the complexity of the learning platforms. Among this set, barriers related to cost and lack of training resources are deemed the most prominent ones. The statistical test on the impact of addressing the two prominent barriers shows that addressing the barrier related to costs yields statistically more favorable results regarding the mitigation of other EDUC4 implementation barriers. Although these insights may contain idiosyncrasies, they can serve as starting points of discussion in other relevant developing economies. These methodological and practical contributions advance the development of analytical tools under uncertainty that can handle pressing problems such as the EDUC4 implementation.
Keywords: Fermatean fuzzy sets; DEMATEL; maximum mean de-entropy; Education 4.0; developing economies Fermatean fuzzy sets; DEMATEL; maximum mean de-entropy; Education 4.0; developing economies

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gonzales, G.; Costan, F.; Suladay, D.; Gonzales, R.; Enriquez, L.; Costan, E.; Atibing, N.M.; Aro, J.L.; Evangelista, S.S.; Maturan, F.; et al. Fermatean Fuzzy DEMATEL and MMDE Algorithm for Modelling the Barriers of Implementing Education 4.0: Insights from the Philippines. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 689. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020689

AMA Style

Gonzales G, Costan F, Suladay D, Gonzales R, Enriquez L, Costan E, Atibing NM, Aro JL, Evangelista SS, Maturan F, et al. Fermatean Fuzzy DEMATEL and MMDE Algorithm for Modelling the Barriers of Implementing Education 4.0: Insights from the Philippines. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(2):689. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020689

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gonzales, Gamaliel, Felix Costan, Decem Suladay, Roselyn Gonzales, Lynne Enriquez, Emily Costan, Nadine May Atibing, Joerabell Lourdes Aro, Samantha Shane Evangelista, Fatima Maturan, and et al. 2022. "Fermatean Fuzzy DEMATEL and MMDE Algorithm for Modelling the Barriers of Implementing Education 4.0: Insights from the Philippines" Applied Sciences 12, no. 2: 689. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020689

APA Style

Gonzales, G., Costan, F., Suladay, D., Gonzales, R., Enriquez, L., Costan, E., Atibing, N. M., Aro, J. L., Evangelista, S. S., Maturan, F., Selerio, E., Jr., & Ocampo, L. (2022). Fermatean Fuzzy DEMATEL and MMDE Algorithm for Modelling the Barriers of Implementing Education 4.0: Insights from the Philippines. Applied Sciences, 12(2), 689. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020689

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