Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, Ascorbic Acid, and Sugars in Honey from Ingenious Hail Province of Saudi Arabia

Alshammari, Ghedeir Muslem; Ahmed, Mohammed Asif; Alsulami, Tawfiq; Hakeem, Mohammed Jamal; Ibraheem, Mohamed Abdrabo; Al-Nouri, Doha M.

doi:10.3390/app12168334

Open AccessArticle

Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, Ascorbic Acid, and Sugars in Honey from Ingenious Hail Province of Saudi Arabia

by

Ghedeir Muslem Alshammari

,

Mohammed Asif Ahmed

^*

,

Tawfiq Alsulami

,

Mohammed Jamal Hakeem

,

Mohamed Abdrabo Ibraheem

and

Doha M. Al-Nouri

Food Science and Nutrition Department, Food and Agriculture Science College, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(16), 8334; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12168334

Submission received: 13 July 2022 / Revised: 10 August 2022 / Accepted: 17 August 2022 / Published: 20 August 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives in Chemical and Functional Properties of Natural Products)

Download

Browse Figures

Versions Notes

Abstract

Bioactive compounds are responsible for biological activities in honey. The botanical and regional sources of honey contribute to the variable concentration of bioactive compounds. This paper reports the analysis of bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, vitamin C, total phenolic contents (TPC), radical scavenging activity (RSA), and sugars of five honey samples (Talh, Athel, Sidr, Spring flower, and Langnese) from the ingenious Hail region (Saudi Arabia) using HPLC-RID and DAD. Talh has the highest TPC level of 26.9 mg GAE/100 g, whereas Spring flower has the lowest level of 8.2 mg GAE/100 g. Quercetin levels in all samples ranged from 0.28 to 2.68 mg GAE/100 g. Gallic acid, a phenolic compound, was found in three samples of honey at concentrations ranging from 0.81–1.08 mg/100 g. DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA) of Talh and Sidr honey sample are found to be high as compared to other samples. The Sidr honey sample had the highest vitamin C content, 2.59 mg/100 g. Fructose and glucose sugar concentrations ranged from 28.35–37.81 g/100 g and 20.21–32.28 g/100 g, respectively, with a higher fructose ratio. Sucrose was not found in any of the five samples. These findings point to the high quality of honey produced in Saudi Arabia’s ingenious Hail province, and therefore may contribute in therapeutic use of these types of honey, such as in complementary and alternative medicine.

Keywords: honey; sugars; vitamin C; phenolic compounds; HPLC

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Alshammari, G.M.; Ahmed, M.A.; Alsulami, T.; Hakeem, M.J.; Ibraheem, M.A.; Al-Nouri, D.M. Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, Ascorbic Acid, and Sugars in Honey from Ingenious Hail Province of Saudi Arabia. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 8334. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12168334

AMA Style

Alshammari GM, Ahmed MA, Alsulami T, Hakeem MJ, Ibraheem MA, Al-Nouri DM. Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, Ascorbic Acid, and Sugars in Honey from Ingenious Hail Province of Saudi Arabia. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(16):8334. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12168334

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alshammari, Ghedeir Muslem, Mohammed Asif Ahmed, Tawfiq Alsulami, Mohammed Jamal Hakeem, Mohamed Abdrabo Ibraheem, and Doha M. Al-Nouri. 2022. "Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, Ascorbic Acid, and Sugars in Honey from Ingenious Hail Province of Saudi Arabia" Applied Sciences 12, no. 16: 8334. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12168334

APA Style

Alshammari, G. M., Ahmed, M. A., Alsulami, T., Hakeem, M. J., Ibraheem, M. A., & Al-Nouri, D. M. (2022). Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, Ascorbic Acid, and Sugars in Honey from Ingenious Hail Province of Saudi Arabia. Applied Sciences, 12(16), 8334. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12168334

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Menu

Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, Ascorbic Acid, and Sugars in Honey from Ingenious Hail Province of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI