Effect of Fly Ash on Compressive Strength, Drying Shrinkage, and Carbonation Depth of Mortar with Ferronickel-Slag Powder
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Mixing Proportions and Specimen Preparation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microhydration Heat
3.2. Mortar Flow
3.3. Compressive Strength
3.4. Drying Shrinkage
3.5. Carbonation Depth
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The difference between the microhydration heat of the three mixes was not large. Note that the microhydration heat of the FA20FN00 mix was slightly higher than that of the FA00FN20 mix. It is supposed that the use of the ferronickel-slag powder can reduce the hydration heat of mortar and concrete. In addition, the flow of the samples containing at least 10% of ferronickel-slag powder ranged approximately from 117 to 124 mm. The mortar flow increased as the amount of ferronickel-slag powder increased.
- (2)
- The compressive strength of the FA15FN05 and FA20FN00 mixes using more than 15% of fly ash was relatively high, reaching approximately 35.8 MPa after 7 days. After 28 days, the compressive strength of the FA20FN00 mix was approximately 39.6 MPa, that is, higher than that of other samples, and the compressive strength of the FA05FN15 mix using 15% of ferronickel-slag powder was 35.0 MPa, that is, approximately 11.6% lower than the FA20FN00 mix including only fly ash.
- (3)
- The drying shrinkage of the FA20FN00 sample containing only fly ash was the highest, whereas the FA00FN20 sample without fly ash presented the lowest shrinkage compared to the other mixes. Therefore, if ferronickel-slag powder is used as a cement substitute, it is likely to be effective in controlling the drying shrinkage of cement mortar and concrete.
- (4)
- The carbonation depths of the FA20FN00 and FA15FN05 samples including more than 15% of fly ash ranged approximately from 6.85 to 6.92 mm, that is, larger than that of the other samples. The carbonation depth of the FA00FN20 sample without fly ash was lower than the carbonation depth of the sample containing more than 15% of fly ash, but it was higher than the carbonation depth of the FA10FN10 and FA05FN15 samples containing both fly ash and ferronickel-slag powder. In general, the carbonation resistance of the sample with FA and FN was better than that of the sample using FA or FN alone.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Type | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Blaine (cm2/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cement | 17.43 | 6.50 | 3.57 | 64.40 | 2.55 | 1.17 | 3430 |
Ferronickel-slag powder (FN) | 48.91 | 2.08 | 11.6 | 0.82 | 32.41 | 0.09 | 3550 |
Fly ash (FA) | 64.88 | 20.56 | 6.06 | 2.58 | 0.80 | 1.45 | 3710 |
Mix. | FA | FN | W/Cm | W | C | FA | FN | Sand |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | (%) | (%) | (kg/m3) | (kg/m3) | (kg/m3) | (kg/m3) | (kg/m3) | |
FA20FN00 | 20 | 0 | 50 | 170 | 272 | 68 | 0 | 902 |
FA15FN05 | 15 | 5 | 51 | 17 | 906 | |||
FA10FN10 | 10 | 10 | 34 | 34 | 909 | |||
FA05FN15 | 5 | 15 | 17 | 51 | 912 | |||
FA00FN20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 68 | 915 |
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Choi, S.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Bae, S.-H.; Oh, T.-G. Effect of Fly Ash on Compressive Strength, Drying Shrinkage, and Carbonation Depth of Mortar with Ferronickel-Slag Powder. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 1037. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031037
Choi S-J, Kim J-H, Bae S-H, Oh T-G. Effect of Fly Ash on Compressive Strength, Drying Shrinkage, and Carbonation Depth of Mortar with Ferronickel-Slag Powder. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(3):1037. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031037
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Se-Jin, Ji-Hwan Kim, Sung-Ho Bae, and Tae-Gue Oh. 2021. "Effect of Fly Ash on Compressive Strength, Drying Shrinkage, and Carbonation Depth of Mortar with Ferronickel-Slag Powder" Applied Sciences 11, no. 3: 1037. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031037
APA StyleChoi, S.-J., Kim, J.-H., Bae, S.-H., & Oh, T.-G. (2021). Effect of Fly Ash on Compressive Strength, Drying Shrinkage, and Carbonation Depth of Mortar with Ferronickel-Slag Powder. Applied Sciences, 11(3), 1037. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031037