Field Investigation and Rapid Deterioration Analysis of Heavy Haul Corrugation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Field Tests
2.1. Experimental Setup
2.2. Field Testing Methodology
2.2.1. Testing Setup
2.2.2. Evaluation Indicators
- 1.
- Peak-to-peak values and allowable over-limit
- 2.
- Roughness level
- 3.
- CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function)
3. Observation of Rapid Deterioration of Rail Corrugation under Poor Grinding Quality
3.1. Development Charateriscs of the Rail Corrugation under Grinding Works
3.2. Reasons for the Rapid Development of Corrugation
4. Multi-Crack Expansion Analysis Considering Grinding Marks
4.1. Stress Intensity Factor Calculation Based on Displacement of Singular Element
4.2. Establishment of a Multi-Crack Model
4.3. Result Analysis
4.3.1. Straight Line
4.3.2. Transition Curve
4.3.3. Circular Curve
5. Conclusions
- 1.
- The measured data show that the on-site rail corrugation has a significant plastic flow pattern and RCF cracks on the railhead. At the end of the field test, the maximum amplitude reached 350 μm, with the main wavelength around 160 mm.
- 2.
- After grinding, the trend in corrugation amplitude growth is moderate for a period of time. The residual surface grinding marks caused by a poor grinding process accelerate the evolution of corrugation so that the deterioration process can progress rapidly. During this process, the average peak-to-peak values can increase up to 1.4 μm/day.
- 3.
- In the circular curve section, rail surface cracks tended to expand more easily compared to those in the straight line and transition sections. A higher SIFs value appear in the intersectional area between grinding marks and cracks. Grinding marks from poor grinding works will increase the SIFs of cracks, promote the rapid expansion of surface cracks, reduce the plastic resistance of contact area of rails indirectly, and result in the rapid development of plastic flow corrugation.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Types | Parameters |
---|---|
Ambient temperature | −25.5 °C to 39.4 °C |
Rail temperature | −25.5–59.4 °C |
Radius | 400 m |
Total length of curve | 414.54 m |
Length of transition curve | 100 m |
Cant | 1/40 |
Gradient | 7‰ |
Sleeper type | Type III |
Superelevation | 105 mm |
Average of vehicle speed | 50 km/h |
Wavelength/mm | 10–30 | 30–100 | 100–300 | 300–1000 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Window/mm | 150 | 500 | 1500 | 5000 |
Peak-to-peak limit/μm | 10 | 10 | 15 | 75 |
Allowable percentage/% | - | 10 | 10 | - |
Types | Parameters |
---|---|
Vehicle type | C80 |
Axle load | 25 t |
Distance between bogie centers | 8300 mm |
Wheelbase | 1830 mm |
Rail type | 75 kg/m |
Elastic modulus of rail | 205.9 GPa |
Wheel tread type | LM |
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Jin, F.; Xiao, H.; Nadakatti, M.M.; Yue, H.; Liu, W. Field Investigation and Rapid Deterioration Analysis of Heavy Haul Corrugation. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 6317. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146317
Jin F, Xiao H, Nadakatti MM, Yue H, Liu W. Field Investigation and Rapid Deterioration Analysis of Heavy Haul Corrugation. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(14):6317. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146317
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin, Feng, Hong Xiao, Mahantesh M Nadakatti, Huiting Yue, and Wanting Liu. 2021. "Field Investigation and Rapid Deterioration Analysis of Heavy Haul Corrugation" Applied Sciences 11, no. 14: 6317. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146317
APA StyleJin, F., Xiao, H., Nadakatti, M. M., Yue, H., & Liu, W. (2021). Field Investigation and Rapid Deterioration Analysis of Heavy Haul Corrugation. Applied Sciences, 11(14), 6317. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146317