Identification and Quantification of Valuable Compounds in Red Grape Seeds
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. The Benefits of Grape Seeds
1.2. The Antioxidant and Antiradical Capacity of Grape Seeds
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Procedure Methods
2.2.1. Determination of the Total Polyphenol Content of the Grape Seeds
2.2.2. Determination of the Antioxidant Capacity of the Grape Seeds
2.2.3. Determination of the Antiradical Capacity of the Grape Seeds
2.2.4. Determination of the Phenolic Compounds of the Grape Seeds
2.2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Determination of the Total Polyphenol Content of the Grape Seeds
3.2. Determination of the Antioxidant Capacity of the Grape Seeds
3.3. Determination of the Antiradical Capacity of the Grape Seeds
3.4. Determination of the Phenolic Compounds of the Grape Seeds
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compound | Composition (mg/L ppm (Parts per Million)) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cabernet Sauvignon | Merlot | Pinot noir | Burgund Mare | Cadarcă | Syrah | Novac | |
Catechin | 8.17 ± 0.01 | 7.28 ± 0.01 | 6.98 ± 0.01 | 7.15 ± 0.01 | 8.12 ± 0.01 | 8.46 ± 0.01 | 8.78 ± 0.01 |
Epicatismin | 5.11 ± 0.01 | 5.12 ± 0.01 | 5.16 ± 0.01 | 4.82 ± 0.01 | 4.43 ± 0.01 | 5.98 ± 0.01 | 6.17 ± 0.01 |
Epicatechin gallate | 2.15 ± 0.01 | 2.18 ± 0.01 | 2.26 ± 0.01 | 1.95 ± 0.01 | 2.24 ± 0.01 | 2.02 ± 0.01 | 2.46 ± 0.01 |
Gallic acid | 26.34 ± 0.05 | 0.71 ± 0.01 | 31.46 ± 0.05 | 31.02 ± 0.05 | 32.46 ± 0.05 | 33.80 ± 0.05 | 35.46 ± 0.05 |
P-hydroxybenzoic acid | 1.85 ± 0.05 | 1.23 ± 0.05 | 1.77 ± 0.05 | 2.04 ± 0.05 | 2.09 ± 0.05 | 2.22 ± 0.05 | 2.30 ± 0.05 |
Vanilic acid | 18.02 ± 0.01 | 15.57 ± 0.01 | 16.15 ± 0.01 | 13.24 ± 0.01 | 18.65 ± 0.01 | 18.45 ± 0.01 | 20.08 ± 0.01 |
Syringic acid | 122.87 ± 0.25 | 130.13 ± 0.25 | 129.40 ± 0.25 | 129.81 ± 0.25 | 133.20 ± 0.25 | 134.26 ± 0.25 | 134.12 ± 0.25 |
M-hydroxybenzoic acid | 4.58 ± 0.01 | 4.60 ± 0.01 | 4.20 ± 0.01 | 3.69 ± 0.01 | 3.44 ± 0.01 | 5.32 ± 0.01 | 5.26 ± 0.01 |
Caffeic acid | 1.01 ± 0.01 | 1.08 ± 0.01 | 0.96 ± 0.01 | 1.19 ± 0.01 | 1.27 ± 0.01 | 1.33 ± 0.01 | 1.35 ± 0.01 |
Ferulic acid | 0.59 ± 0.01 | 0.47 ± 0.01 | 0.90 ± 0.01 | 0.61 ± 0.01 | 0.70 ± 0.01 | 0.62 ± 0.01 | 0.54 ± 0.01 |
Chlorogenic acid | 7.67 ± 0.01 | 6.95 ± 0.01 | 8.24 ± 0.01 | 5.32 ± 0.01 | 6.54 ± 0.01 | 6.67 ± 0.01 | 7.90 ± 0.01 |
P-coumaric acid | 5.22 ± 0.01 | 3.50 ± 0.01 | 4.49 ± 0.01 | 4.68 ± 0.01 | 4.45 ± 0.01 | 5.27 ± 0.01 | 6.01 ± 0.01 |
Resveratrol | 2.27 ± 0.01 | 1.22 ± 0.01 | 0.84 ± 0.01 | 1.74 ± 0.01 | 2.01 ± 0.01 | 2.28 ± 0.01 | 2.41 ± 0.01 |
Rutin | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 0.41 ± 0.01 | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.36 ± 0.01 | 0.37 ± 0.01 | 0.36 ± 0.01 | 0.31 ± 0.01 |
Quercetin | 0.82 ± 0.01 | 32.43 ± 0.05 | 2.14 ± 0.01 | 0.47 ± 0.01 | 5.84 ± 0.01 | 2.33 ± 0.01 | 1.06 ± 0.01 |
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Tița, O.; Lengyel, E.; Stegăruș, D.I.; Săvescu, P.; Ciubara, A.B.; Constantinescu, M.A.; Tița, M.A.; Rață, D.; Ciubara, A. Identification and Quantification of Valuable Compounds in Red Grape Seeds. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 5124. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11115124
Tița O, Lengyel E, Stegăruș DI, Săvescu P, Ciubara AB, Constantinescu MA, Tița MA, Rață D, Ciubara A. Identification and Quantification of Valuable Compounds in Red Grape Seeds. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(11):5124. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11115124
Chicago/Turabian StyleTița, Ovidiu, Ecaterina Lengyel, Diana Ionela Stegăruș, Petre Săvescu, Alexandru Bogdan Ciubara, Maria Adelina Constantinescu, Mihaela Adriana Tița, Diana Rață, and Anamaria Ciubara. 2021. "Identification and Quantification of Valuable Compounds in Red Grape Seeds" Applied Sciences 11, no. 11: 5124. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11115124