Bioactivity and Delivery Strategies of Phytochemical Compounds in Bone Tissue Regeneration
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Bone Structure and Function
3. Bone Regeneration Process
4. Bioactive Phytochemicals and Bone Signaling Pathways
4.1. Anti-Inflammatory Activity
4.2. Antioxidants Activity
4.3. Bone Cells Differentiation Activity
5. Phytochemical-Delivery Vehicles in Bone Tissue Regeneration
5.1. Ceramics
5.2. Scaffolds
5.3. Nanoparticles
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phytochemical | Signaling Pathway | Reference |
---|---|---|
Curcumin | NF-kB pathways, Redox-sensitive signaling pathways | [75,89,90] |
EGCG | MAPKs signaling pathways | [82] |
Quercetin | COX2/HIF1αsignaling ERK1-2/MAPKs signaling | [83,84,108] |
Resveratrol | Redox-sensitive signaling pathways Sirt/RUNX2 signaling MAPKs pathways | [89,90,109] |
Incaritin | NFATc signaling | [87] |
Naringin | Glutathione Pathway (GSH) | [88] |
Myricetin | SMAD/BMP signaling Wnt/β-catenin signaling | [97] |
Vanillic acid | ERs pathways | [101] |
Rutin | ERs pathways | [102,103] |
Bioactive Compound | Device | Effect | Ref |
---|---|---|---|
- Gallic acid - Tea polyphenols | Synthetic ceramic materials | - pro-osteogenic - anti-inflammatory - antioxidant | [128,134] |
- Resveratrol - Phlorotannins - Catechins | Scaffolds -hydrogel - PLGA - PCL and PLA | - antioxidant - pro-differentiating - pro-osteogenic - wound healing | [135,136,137,142] |
- EGCG - Catechin - Pro-anthocyanidins - Curcumin - Naringin | Nanoparticles - TP-CaP - Au-NPs - GSE-NP - Cur–PCL | - osteopromotive - osteoblast differentiation - osteoblast proliferation - cytoprotective - remineralization - antioxidant - anti - inflammatory | [147,148,149,150] |
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Valentino, A.; Di Cristo, F.; Bosetti, M.; Amaghnouje, A.; Bousta, D.; Conte, R.; Calarco, A. Bioactivity and Delivery Strategies of Phytochemical Compounds in Bone Tissue Regeneration. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 5122. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11115122
Valentino A, Di Cristo F, Bosetti M, Amaghnouje A, Bousta D, Conte R, Calarco A. Bioactivity and Delivery Strategies of Phytochemical Compounds in Bone Tissue Regeneration. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(11):5122. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11115122
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentino, Anna, Francesca Di Cristo, Michela Bosetti, Amal Amaghnouje, Dalila Bousta, Raffaele Conte, and Anna Calarco. 2021. "Bioactivity and Delivery Strategies of Phytochemical Compounds in Bone Tissue Regeneration" Applied Sciences 11, no. 11: 5122. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11115122