Lemon Balm and Dandelion Leaf Extracts Synergistically Protect against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of MLD and Reagents
2.2. Animal Husbandry and Treatment
2.3. Body Weight Gain and Relative Liver Weight
2.4. Histology and Immunohistochemistry
2.5. Measurement of Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Activities
2.6. Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation
2.7. Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
2.8. Determination of Glutathione Level, and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase Activities
2.9. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
2.10. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. MLD Synergistically Protects the Liver in CCl4-Treated Mice
3.2. MLD Synergistically Attenuates Hepatocyte Apoptosis
3.3. MLD Synergistically Alleviates CCl4-Mediated Oxidative Stress by Restoring Antioxidant Activity
3.4. MLD Synergistically Decreases the Levels of Proinflammatory Cytokines in CCl4-Treated Mice
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene Name | Forward Primer | Backward Primer | GenBank ID | Amplicon Size (bp) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nrf2 | 5′-CGAGATATACGCAGGA GAGGTAAGA-3′ | 5′-GCTCGACAATGTTCTC CAGCTT-3′ | AH006764.2 | 79 |
TNF-α | 5′-GATCCGAGACGTGGAA CTGG-3′ | 5′-AGTTCAGTAGACAGA AGAGC-3′ | AB039227.1 | 140 |
IL-1β | 5′-ATGGCAACTGTTCCTGA ACT-3′ | 5′-CAGGACAGGTATAGA TTCTT-3′ | NM_008361.3 | 563 |
IL-6 | 5′-TTCCATCCAGTTGCCTT CTT-3′ | 5′-ATTTCCACGATTTCCCA GAG-3′ | DQ788722.1 | 170 |
β-actin | 5′-GCTGAGAGGGAAATCG TGCGT-3′ | 5′-GAAGCATTTGCGGTGC ACGATG-3′ | NM_007393.5 | 516 |
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Choi, B.-R.; Cho, I.-J.; Jung, S.-J.; Kim, J.-K.; Lee, D.-G.; Ku, S.-K.; Park, K.-M. Lemon Balm and Dandelion Leaf Extracts Synergistically Protect against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 390. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010390
Choi B-R, Cho I-J, Jung S-J, Kim J-K, Lee D-G, Ku S-K, Park K-M. Lemon Balm and Dandelion Leaf Extracts Synergistically Protect against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(1):390. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010390
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Beom-Rak, Il-Je Cho, Su-Jin Jung, Jae-Kwang Kim, Dae-Geon Lee, Sae-Kwang Ku, and Ki-Moon Park. 2021. "Lemon Balm and Dandelion Leaf Extracts Synergistically Protect against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice" Applied Sciences 11, no. 1: 390. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010390