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Volume 10
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10.3390/app10093329
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Article

Low-Power Laser Graphitization of High Pressure—High Temperature Nanodiamond Films

by
Konstantin G. Mikheev
1,*,
Tatyana N. Mogileva
1,
Arseniy E. Fateev
1,
Nicholas A. Nunn
2,3,
Olga A. Shenderova
2 and
Gennady M. Mikheev
1,*
1
Institute of Mechanics, Udmurt Federal Research Center, UB RAS, Izhevsk 426067, Russia
2
Adamas Nanotechnologies, Inc., Raleigh, NC 27617, USA
3
Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(9), 3329; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093329
Submission received: 17 April 2020 / Revised: 5 May 2020 / Accepted: 7 May 2020 / Published: 11 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Processing of Carbon Materials)
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Abstract

Laser-induced graphitization of 100 nm monocrystals of diamond particles synthesized by high-pressure high-temperature (HP-HT) methods is not typically observed. The current study demonstrates the graphitization of 150 nm HP-HT nanodiamond particles in ca. 20-μm-thick thin films formed on a glass substrate when the intensity of a focused 633 nm He-Ne laser exceeds a threshold of ~ 33 kW/cm2. Graphitization is accompanied by green luminescence. The structure and morphology of the samples were investigated before and after laser excitation while using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, atomic force (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These observations are explained by photoionization of [Ni-N]- and [N]-centers, leading to the excitation of electrons to the conduction band of the HP-HT nanodiamond films and an increase of the local temperature of the sample, causing the transformation of sp3 HP-HT nanodiamonds to sp2-carbon.
Keywords: nanodiamond; graphitization; laser; up-conversion luminescence nanodiamond; graphitization; laser; up-conversion luminescence
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MDPI and ACS Style

Mikheev, K.G.; Mogileva, T.N.; Fateev, A.E.; Nunn, N.A.; Shenderova, O.A.; Mikheev, G.M. Low-Power Laser Graphitization of High Pressure—High Temperature Nanodiamond Films. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 3329. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093329

AMA Style

Mikheev KG, Mogileva TN, Fateev AE, Nunn NA, Shenderova OA, Mikheev GM. Low-Power Laser Graphitization of High Pressure—High Temperature Nanodiamond Films. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10(9):3329. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093329

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mikheev, Konstantin G., Tatyana N. Mogileva, Arseniy E. Fateev, Nicholas A. Nunn, Olga A. Shenderova, and Gennady M. Mikheev. 2020. "Low-Power Laser Graphitization of High Pressure—High Temperature Nanodiamond Films" Applied Sciences 10, no. 9: 3329. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093329

APA Style

Mikheev, K. G., Mogileva, T. N., Fateev, A. E., Nunn, N. A., Shenderova, O. A., & Mikheev, G. M. (2020). Low-Power Laser Graphitization of High Pressure—High Temperature Nanodiamond Films. Applied Sciences, 10(9), 3329. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093329

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