Developments in the Use of Lipase Transesterification for Biodiesel Production from Animal Fat Waste
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mechanisms of Action of Lipases
3. Sources of Lipases
4. Free Lipase
5. Immobilized Lipase
5.1. Types of Supports and Immobilization Procedures
5.2. Magnetic Nanocarriers
5.3. Coimmobilization
6. Industrial Applications of Lipase-Catalyzed Biodiesel
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lipase Origin | Reference |
---|---|
Pseudomonas fluorescens | [52] |
Burkholderia cepacia | [42,50,53,54] |
Staphylococcus haemolyticus | [55] |
Chromobacterium viscosum | [56] |
Phichia pastoris | [57] |
Mucor miehei | [58] |
Thermomyces lanuginosus | [59,60] |
Aspergillus oryzae | [61] |
Aspergillus niger | [62,63] |
Aspergillus terreus | [64] |
Rhizopus oryzae | [41,65,66] |
Rhizomucor miehei | [60,67] |
Geotrichum candidum | [68] |
Candida antarctica | [66,69,70,71] |
Candida cylindracea | [72] |
Candida rugosa | [50,73,74] |
Lipase Source | Feedstock | Conditions (T, alcohol:oil, t) | Yield (%) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
A. niger | Waste cooking oil | 45 °C, 4.2:1, 30 h | 90 a | [63] |
T. lanoginosus | Beef tallow | 35 °C, 4.5:1, 6 h | 84.6 a | [88] |
C. antarctica | Lard | 30 °C, 1:1, 72 h | 74 a | [89] |
C. antarctica | Lard | 50 °C, 5:1, 20 h | 97.2 b | [90] |
Candida sp | Lard | 40 °C, 3:1, 30 h | 87.4 b | [91] |
T. lanoginosus | Chicken fat | - | 89.04 b | [92] |
C. antarctica | Chicken fat | 32 °C, 3:1, 24 h | 96 a | [71] |
Lipase Source | Feedstock | Immobilization | Yield a (%) | No. Cycles | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. niger | Sardine oil | Activated carbon | 94.5 a | 5 | [62] |
T. lanoginosus | Lard | Silica gel | 97.6 a | 20 | [90] |
C. antarctica | Waste cooking oil | Silica nanoflower pickering emulsion | 98.5 a | 15 | [70] |
B. cepacia | Castor oil | Polyvinylalcohol alginate | 75 b | 6 | [85] |
R. miehei and C. antarctica | Waste cooking oil | Epoxy functionalized silica | 91.5 a | 14 | [100] |
Streptomyces sp | Waste cooking oil | XAD 1180 resin | 95.45 a | 4 | [79] |
B. cepacia | Beef tallow | Polysiloxane–polyvinyl alcohol (SiO2–PVA) hybrid composite | 89 a | - | [101] |
C. antarctica | Waste fish oil | Acrylic resin | 95 a | 4 | [102] |
C. antarctica | Waste fish oil | Acrylic resin | 75 a | 10 | [103] |
Lipase Source | Carrier | Immobilization | Yield a (%) | No. Cycles | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
B. cepacia | Silica coated hydroxyapatite and glutaraldehyde | Encapsulation | 98 | 4 | [118] |
A. terreus | Iron oxide polydopamine | Covalent bonding | 92 | 7 | [64] |
T. lanuginosis & C. antarctica | Core-shell structured iron oxide | Covalent bonding | 99 | 11 | [119] |
P. fluorescens | Co2+ chelated, with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysylane | Adsorption | 95 | 10 | [70] |
R. miehei and T. lanuginosa | Silica core shell iron oxide with tryethylamine | Covalent bonding | 93.1 | 5 | [60] |
C. antarctica | Poly(urea-urethane) encapsulated magnetite | Encapsulation | 95 | 8 | [120] |
C. antarctica | Magnetic iron oxide with 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate & 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane | Covalent bonding | 89.4 | 5 | [121] |
B. cepacia | Polysiloxane–polyvinyl alcohol hybrid magnetic-polymer composite | Covalent bonding | 96.5 | - | [122] |
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Toldrá-Reig, F.; Mora, L.; Toldrá, F. Developments in the Use of Lipase Transesterification for Biodiesel Production from Animal Fat Waste. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 5085. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10155085
Toldrá-Reig F, Mora L, Toldrá F. Developments in the Use of Lipase Transesterification for Biodiesel Production from Animal Fat Waste. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10(15):5085. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10155085
Chicago/Turabian StyleToldrá-Reig, Fidel, Leticia Mora, and Fidel Toldrá. 2020. "Developments in the Use of Lipase Transesterification for Biodiesel Production from Animal Fat Waste" Applied Sciences 10, no. 15: 5085. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10155085