Episode-Based Analysis of Size-Resolved Carbonaceous Aerosol Compositions in Wintertime of Xinxiang: Implication for the Haze Formation Processes in Central China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Site Description and Sampling
2.2. Measurement
2.3. Backward Trajectories
2.4. POC and SOC
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Mass Concentrations of PM and Meteorological Condition
3.2. Characteristics of the Four Pollution Episodes
3.3. OC and EC Fractions
3.3.1. Effect of PMs Accumulation by Transportation and Local Emission in PE1 and PE2
3.3.2. Effect of Photochemical Reaction and Hygroscopic Growth in PE3 and PE4
3.3.3. Effect of Wet Scavenging
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pollution Episode | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Period | 12/20–12/24 | 12/24–1/3 | 1/3–1/8 | 1/10–1/17 |
Duration time (day) | 5 | 11 | 6 | >8 |
Average growth rate of PM1 (μg·m−3·day−1) | 25.0 | 25.2 | 11.6 | 2.1 |
Average growth rate of PM2.5 (μg·m−3·day−1) | 42.3 | 31.6 | 17.7 | 26.0 |
Average growth rate of PM10 (μg·m−3·day−1) | 56.8 | 34.8 | 10.2 | 14.5 |
PE | PE1 | PE2 | PE3 | PE4 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PM1 | PM2.5 | PM10 | PM1 | PM2.5 | PM10 | PM1 | PM2.5 | PM10 | PM1 | PM2.5 | PM10 | |
TC (μg·m−3) | 18.29 | 26.92 | 37.78 | 19.90 | 31.62 | 40.50 | 10.46 | 11.46 | 18.52 | 17.57 | 30.82 | 46.26 |
OC (μg·m−3) | 11 | 20.23 | 28.33 | 12.95 | 23.07 | 28.75 | 6.59 | 7.86 | 12.39 | 11.52 | 22.03 | 34.54 |
EC (μg·m−3) | 5.54 | 6.71 | 9.70 | 6.95 | 8.54 | 11.76 | 3.60 | 3.87 | 6.14 | 6.06 | 8.79 | 11.72 |
POC (μg·m−3) | 8.07 | 10.87 | 14.38 | 10.13 | 13.83 | 17.43 | 5.63 | 5.83 | 9.10 | 8.82 | 14.23 | 17.37 |
PC (μg·m−3) | 13.52 | 17.58 | 24.08 | 17.08 | 22.37 | 29.19 | 9.23 | 9.7 | 15.24 | 14.88 | 23.02 | 29.09 |
SOC (μg·m−3) | 4.69 | 9.36 | 13.95 | 3.11 | 10.17 | 11.32 | 0.96 | 2.03 | 3.95 | 2.69 | 7.80 | 17.18 |
SOC/OC | 34% | 46% | 45% | 19% | 38% | 37% | 15% | 26% | 23% | 23% | 34% | 42% |
TAC/PM | 46% | 51% | 28% | 36% | 37% | 26% | 46% | 24% | 23% | 44% | 32% | 26% |
OC/EC | 2.22 | 3.06 | 2.77 | 1.85 | 2.83 | 2.42 | 1.80 | 2.19 | 1.98 | 1.92 | 2.48 | 2.72 |
Char-EC/Soot-EC | 6.97 | 7.88 | 6.77 | 6.54 | 6.87 | 10.13 | 4.74 | 4.24 | 5.39 | 6.82 | 10.67 | 8.52 |
Sizes | PE1 | PE2 | PE3 | PE4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average growth rate of OC (μg·m−3·day−1) | PM1 | 5.18 | 3.67 | 2.27 | 1.75 |
PM2.5 | 8.02 | 3.47 | 1.54 | 3.99 | |
PM10 | 9.31 | 2.89 | 1.70 | 3.27 | |
Average growth rate of SOC (μg·m−3·day−1) | PM1 | 2.65 | 1.46 | 0.27 | 0.12 |
PM2.5 | 3.47 | 1.93 | 0.60 | 2.27 | |
PM10 | 5.03 | 1.58 | 0.99 | 1.66 | |
Average growth rate of POC (μg·m−3·day−1) | PM1 | 2.53 | 2.22 | 1.19 | 1.63 |
PM2.5 | 4.55 | 1.54 | 0.94 | 1.72 | |
PM10 | 4.64 | 1.30 | 0.71 | 1.61 | |
Average growth rate of PC (μg·m−3·day−1) (increased to the maximum) | PM1 | 4.27 | 4.21 | 1.67 | 2.42 |
PM2.5 | 7.36 | 9.85 | 1.29 | 4.67 | |
PM10 | 7.27 | 7.27 | 0.99 | 4.27 |
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Yan, G.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, P.; Cao, Z.; Zhu, G.; Liu, Z.; Wang, Y. Episode-Based Analysis of Size-Resolved Carbonaceous Aerosol Compositions in Wintertime of Xinxiang: Implication for the Haze Formation Processes in Central China. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 3498. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103498
Yan G, Zhang J, Zhang P, Cao Z, Zhu G, Liu Z, Wang Y. Episode-Based Analysis of Size-Resolved Carbonaceous Aerosol Compositions in Wintertime of Xinxiang: Implication for the Haze Formation Processes in Central China. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10(10):3498. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103498
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan, Guangxuan, Jingwen Zhang, Puzhen Zhang, Zhiguo Cao, Guifen Zhu, Zirui Liu, and Yuesi Wang. 2020. "Episode-Based Analysis of Size-Resolved Carbonaceous Aerosol Compositions in Wintertime of Xinxiang: Implication for the Haze Formation Processes in Central China" Applied Sciences 10, no. 10: 3498. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103498