Analysis of Hybrid Vector Beams Generated with a Detuned Q-Plate
Abstract
:Featured Application
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Q-Plates and Their Polarization Conversion Efficiency
2.2. Vector Beams and Their Propagation Dynamics
2.3. Experimental System
3. Results on the Generation of Standard Hybrid Vector Beams
3.1. Case with Input Circularly Polarized Gaussian Beam
3.2. Case with Input Circularly Polarized Vortex Beam
4. Results on the Generation of Hybrid Petal-Type Vector Beams
4.1. Case with Input Homogeneous Linearly Polarized Gaussian Beam
4.2. Case with Input Higher-Order Radial Polarization
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Zhan, Q. Cylindrical vector beams: From mathematical concepts to applications. Adv. Opt. Photonics 2009, 1, 1–57. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gbur, G.J. Singular Optics; CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Rosales-Guzmán, C.; Ndagano, B.; Forbes, A. A review of complex vector light fields and their applications. J. Opt. 2018, 20, 123001. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yi, X.; Liu, Y.; Ling, X.; Zhou, X.; Ke, Y.; Luo, H.; Wen, S.; Fan, D. Hybrid-order Poincaré sphere. Phys. Rev. A 2015, 91, 023801. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Khajavia, B.; Galvez, E.J. Preparation of Poincaré beams with a same-path polarization/spatial-mode interferometer. Opt. Eng. 2015, 54, 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, H.; Fu, S.; Zhai, Y.; Yin, C.; Gao, C. Spatial light modulator-based programmable J-plate for the arbitrary spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion of lights. Appl. Phys. B 2019, 125, 42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- García-Martínez, P.; Marco, D.; Martínez-Fuentes, J.L.; Sánchez-López, M.M.; Moreno, I. Efficient on-axis SLM engineering of vector modes. Opt. Lasers Eng. 2020, 125, 105859. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pradhan, P.; Sharma, M.; Ung, B. Generation of perfect cylindrical vector beams with complete control over the ring width and ring diameter. IEEE Photon. J. 2018, 10, 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Karpeev, S.V.; Podlipnov, V.V.; Khonina, S.N.; Paranin, V.D.; Tukmakov, K.N. Anisotropic diffractive optical element for generating hybrid-polarized beams. Opt. Eng. 2019, 58, 082402. [Google Scholar]
- Lou, S.; Zhou, Y.; Yuan, Y.; Lin, T.; Fan, F.; Wang, X.; Huang, H.; Wen, S. Generation of arbitrary vector vortex beams on hybrid-order Poincaré sphere based on liquid crystal device. Opt. Express 2019, 27, 8596–8604. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, J.; Xu, Q.; Han, J. Polarization-selective holographic metasurface for creating cylindrical vector beams. IEEE Photon. J. 2019, 11, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Crăciun, A.; Dascălu, T. A method to generate vector beams with adjustable amplitude in the focal plane. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 2313. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Niv, A.; Biener, G.; Kleiner, V.; Hasman, E. Manipulation of the Pancharatnam phase in vectorial vortices. Opt. Express 2006, 14, 4208–4220. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liu, Z.; Liu, Y.; Ke, Y.; Liu, Y.; Shu, W.; Luo, H.; Wen, S. Generation of arbitrary vector vortex beams on hybrid-order Poincaré sphere. Photon. Res. 2017, 5, 15–21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- He, Y.; Ye, H.; Liu, J.; Xie, Z.; Zhang, X.; Xiang, Y.; Chen, S.; Li, Y.; Fan, D. Order-controllable cylindrical vector vortex beam generation by using spatial light modulator and cascaded metasurfaces. IEEE Photon. J. 2017, 9, 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mamani, M.; Bendau, E.; Secor, J.; Ashrafi, S.; Tu, J.J.; Alfano, R.R. Hybrid generation and analysis of vector vortex beams. Appl. Opt. 2017, 56, 2171–2175. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Devlin, R.C.; Ambrosio, A.; Rubin, N.A.; Mueller, J.P.B.; Capasso, F. Arbitrary spin-to–orbital angular momentum conversion of light. Science 2017, 358, 896–901. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Beckley, A.M.; Brown, T.G.; Alonso, M.A. Full Poincaré beams. Opt. Express 2010, 18, 10777–10785. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Suárez-Bermejo, J.C.; González de Sande, J.C.; Santarsiero, M.; Piquero, G. Mueller matrix polarimetry using full Poincaré beams. Opt. Laser Eng. 2019, 122, 134–141. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Galvez, E.J.; Khadka, S.; Schubert, W.H.; Nomoto, S. Poincaré-beam patterns produced by nonseparable superpositions of Laguerre-Gauss and polarization modes of light. Appl. Opt. 2012, 51, 2925–2934. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Davis, J.A.; McNamara, D.E.; Cottrell, D.M.; Sonehara, T. Two-dimensional polarization encoding with a phase-only liquid-crystal spatial light modulator. Appl. Opt. 2000, 39, 1549–1554. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ling, X.; Yi, X.; Dai, Z.; Wang, Y.; Chen, L. Characterization and manipulation of full Poincaré beams on the hybrid Poincaré sphere. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 2016, 33, 2172–2176. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Marrucci, L.; Manzo, C.; Paparo, D. Optical spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in inhomogeneous anisotropic media. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 96, 163905. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Rubano, A.; Cardano, F.; Piccirillo, B.; Marrucci, L. Q-plate technology: A progress review. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 2019, 36, D70–D87. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Slussarenko, S.; Murauski, A.; Du, T.; Chigrinov, V.; Marrucci, L.; Santamato, E. Tunable liquid crystal q-plates with arbitrary topological charge. Opt. Express 2011, 19, 4085–4090. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Davis, J.A.; Hashimoto, N.; Kurihara, M.; Hurtado, E.; Pierce, M.; Sánchez-López, M.M.; Badham, K.; Moreno, I. Analysis of a segmented q-plate tunable retarder for the generation of first-order vector beams. Appl. Opt. 2015, 54, 9583–9590. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Beresna, M.; Gecevicius, M.; Kazansky, P.G.; Gertus, T. Radially polarized optical vortex converter created by femtosecond laser nanostructuring of glass. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2011, 98, 201101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sánchez-López, M.M.; Abella, I.; Puerto-García, D.; Davis, J.A.; Moreno, I. Spectral performance of a zero-order liquid-crystal polymer commercial q-plate for the generation of vector beams at different wavelengths. Opt. Laser Technol. 2018, 106, 168–176. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cardano, F.; Massa, F.; Qassim, H.; Karimi, E.; Slussarenko, S.; Paparo, D.; de Lisio, C.; Sciarrino, F.; Santamato, E.; Boyd, R.W.; et al. Quantum walks and wavepacket dynamics on a lattice with twisted photons. Sci. Adv. 2015, 1, e1500087. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Arcoptix Switzerland, Manufacturer of FTIR / FT-NIR Spectrometers & Liquid Crystal Elements. Available online: http://www.arcoptix.com/Q_Plate.htm (accessed on 20 March 2020).
- Cardano, F.; Karimi, E.; Marrucci, L.; de Lisio, C.; Santamato, E. Generation and dynamics of optical beams with polarization singularities. Opt. Express 2013, 21, 8815–8820. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zhang, Y.; Guo, X.; Han, L.; Li, P.; Liu, S.; Cheng, H.; Zhao, J. Gouy phase induced polarization transition of focused vector vortex beams. Opt. Express 2017, 25, 25725–25733. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sánchez-López, M.M.; Davis, J.A.; Moreno, I.; Cofré, A.; Cottrell, D.M. Gouy phase effects on propagation of pure and hybrid vector beams. Opt. Express 2019, 27, 2374–2386. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sánchez-López, M.M.; Moreno, I.; Davis, J.A.; Puerto-García, D.; Abella, I.; Delaney, S. Extending the use of commercial q-plates for the generation of high-order and hybrid vector beams. Proc. SPIE 2018, 10744, 1074407. [Google Scholar]
- Saleh, B.E.A.; Teich, M.C. Fundamentals of Photonics, 2nd ed.; John Wiley and Sons Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2007. [Google Scholar]
- Ngcobo, S.; Aït-Ameur, K.; Passilly, N.; Hasnaoui, A.; Forbes, A. Exciting higher-order radial Laguerre-Gaussian modes in a diode-pumped solid-state laser resonator. Appl. Opt. 2013, 52, 2093–2101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Karimi, E.; Zito, G.; Piccirillo, B.; Marrucci, L.; Santamato, E. Hypergeometric-Gaussian modes. Opt. Lett. 2007, 32, 3053–3055. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Marco, D.; Sánchez-López, M.M.; García-Martínez, P.; Moreno, I. Using birefringence colors to evaluate a tunable liquid-crystal q-plate. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 2019, 36, D34–D41. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, J.; Li, F.; Li, J.; Li, Z. 95.16-Gb/s Mode-Division-Multiplexing signal transmission in free space enabled by effective-conversion of vector beams. IEEE Photon. J. 2017, 9, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Litvin, I.A.; Burger, L.; Forbes, A. Angular self-reconstruction of petal-like beams. Opt. Lett. 2013, 38, 3363–3365. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Vyas, S.; Kozawa, Y.; Sato, S. Polarization singularities in superposition of vector beams. Opt. Express 2013, 21, 8972–8986. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Quiceno-Moreno, J.C.; Marco, D.; Sánchez-López, M.d.M.; Solarte, E.; Moreno, I. Analysis of Hybrid Vector Beams Generated with a Detuned Q-Plate. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 3427. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103427
Quiceno-Moreno JC, Marco D, Sánchez-López MdM, Solarte E, Moreno I. Analysis of Hybrid Vector Beams Generated with a Detuned Q-Plate. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10(10):3427. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103427
Chicago/Turabian StyleQuiceno-Moreno, Julio César, David Marco, María del Mar Sánchez-López, Efraín Solarte, and Ignacio Moreno. 2020. "Analysis of Hybrid Vector Beams Generated with a Detuned Q-Plate" Applied Sciences 10, no. 10: 3427. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103427