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Behavioral Sciences
Volume 9
Issue 5
10.3390/bs9050051
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Article

Meditation-Induced States, Vagal Tone, and Breathing Activity Are Related to Changes in Auditory Temporal Integration

by
Damisela Linares Gutierrez
1,
Sebastian Kübel
1,
Anne Giersch
2,3,
Stefan Schmidt
4,
Karin Meissner
5,6 and
Marc Wittmann
1,*
1
Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
2
INSERM U1114, 67091 Strasbourg, France
3
FMTS, Psychiatry Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
4
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
5
Division of Integrative Health Promotion, Department of Social Work and Health, University of Applied Sciences, 96450 Coburg, Germany
6
Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Behav. Sci. 2019, 9(5), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9050051
Received: 4 April 2019 / Revised: 4 May 2019 / Accepted: 5 May 2019 / Published: 7 May 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mind–Body Interventions for Psychological and Cognitive Benefits)
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Abstract

This study is based on the relationship between meditation, the present moment, and psychophysiology. We employed the metronome task to operationalize the extension of the present moment. A pre-post longitudinal study was conducted. The performance in the metronome task was compared before and after the interventions (meditation, story). The aim was to assess whether physiological changes (heart, breathing) during meditation influence the temporal-integration (TI) of metronome beats. Mindfulness meditators either meditated (n = 41) or listened to a story (n = 43). The heart and breathing activity were recorded during the intervention and compared to a resting-state condition. By applying path analyses we found that meditation led to an increase of the duration of integration intervals at the slowest metronome frequency (inter-stimulus interval, ISI = 3 s). After meditation, the higher the heart-rate variability (i.e., the root mean square of successive differences, RMSSD), the longer the duration of integration intervals at the fastest frequency (ISI = 0.33 s). Moreover, the higher the breathing rate during meditation, the greater the integration of intervals at ISI = 1 s. These findings add evidence to meditation-induced changes on the TI of metronome beats and the concept of the embodiment of mental functioning. View Full-Text
Keywords: mindfulness meditation; heart-rate variability; breathing rate; auditory temporal integration; present moment mindfulness meditation; heart-rate variability; breathing rate; auditory temporal integration; present moment
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MDPI and ACS Style

Linares Gutierrez, D.; Kübel, S.; Giersch, A.; Schmidt, S.; Meissner, K.; Wittmann, M. Meditation-Induced States, Vagal Tone, and Breathing Activity Are Related to Changes in Auditory Temporal Integration. Behav. Sci. 2019, 9, 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9050051

AMA Style

Linares Gutierrez D, Kübel S, Giersch A, Schmidt S, Meissner K, Wittmann M. Meditation-Induced States, Vagal Tone, and Breathing Activity Are Related to Changes in Auditory Temporal Integration. Behavioral Sciences. 2019; 9(5):51. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9050051

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linares Gutierrez, Damisela, Sebastian Kübel, Anne Giersch, Stefan Schmidt, Karin Meissner, and Marc Wittmann. 2019. "Meditation-Induced States, Vagal Tone, and Breathing Activity Are Related to Changes in Auditory Temporal Integration" Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 5: 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9050051

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