Relationships Between First-Year Student Resilience and Academic Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. The Literature
1.1.1. Academic Stress
1.1.2. Resilience
1.1.3. Current Study
- To what extent do resilience factors (i.e., mastery, relatedness, and reactivity) correlate with each other?
- To what extent do mastery sub-factors (i.e., optimism, adaptability, and self-efficacy) predict academic stress?
- To what extent do relatedness sub-factors (i.e., trust, tolerance, comfort, and support) predict academic stress?
- To what extent do reactivity sub-factors (i.e., sensitivity, impairment, and recovery) predict academic stress?
2. Methods
2.1. Participants and Recruitment
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. College Student Stress Scale (CSSS)
2.2.2. Resiliency Scale for Young Adults (RSYA)
2.2.3. Procedure
2.3. Data Preparation
2.4. Correlational Analysis
2.5. Regression Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive and Preliminary Analyses
3.2. Correlational Analysis
3.3. Mastery Sub-Factor Regression Analysis
3.4. Relatedness Sub-Factor Regression Analysis
3.5. Reactivity Sub-Factor Regression Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Resilience and Academic Stress
4.2. Mastery Sub-Factors and Academic Stress
4.3. Relatedness Sub-Factors and Academic Stress
4.4. Reactivity and Academic Stress
4.5. Implications and Future Research
4.6. Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gender | N | Mean | SD | Minimum | Maximum | Skewness | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Academic Stress | Female | 44 | 24.23 | 5.19 | 12 | 33 | −0.22 | |
Male | 24 | 21.92 | 6.47 | 12 | 34 | 0.3 | ||
Mastery | Female | 44 | 55.84 | 6.81 | 41 | 69 | −0.52 | |
Male | 24 | 55.65 | 8.7 | 32 | 70 | −0.79 | ||
Reactivity | Female | 44 | 38.45 | 9.23 | 20 | 57 | 0.22 | |
Male | 24 | 33.55 | 10.15 | 18 | 55 | 0.45 | ||
Relatedness | Female | 44 | 72.5 | 10.79 | 46 | 97 | −0.16 | |
Male | 24 | 71.92 | 10.82 | 52 | 97 | 0.29 |
Mastery | Reactivity | Relatedness | |
---|---|---|---|
Mastery | — | ||
Reactivity | −0.41 *** | — | |
Relatedness | 0.66 *** | −0.33 ** | — |
Predictor | Estimate | SE | 95% CI Lower | 95% CI Upper | β | t | p | η2p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 23.41 | 0.54 | 22.32 | 24.5 | 0 | 43.01 | <0.001 | |
OPT | −0.14 | 0.23 | −0.6 | 0.33 | −0.07 | −0.6 | 0.554 | 0.006 |
EFF | −1.28 | 0.23 | −1.74 | −0.82 | −0.66 | −5.55 | <0.001 | 0.33 |
ADA | 0.23 | 0.26 | −0.29 | 0.75 | 0.11 | 0.87 | 0.387 | 0.01 |
Predictor | Estimate | SE | 95% CI Lower | 95% CI Upper | β | t | p | η2p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 23.41 | 0.64 | 22.13 | 24.69 | 0 | 36.54 | <0.001 | |
Comfort | −0.12 | 0.24 | −0.59 | 0.36 | −0.07 | −0.49 | 0.625 | 0.004 |
Trust | −0.18 | 0.23 | −0.65 | 0.29 | −0.12 | −0.77 | 0.444 | 0.009 |
Tolerance | 0.25 | 0.34 | −0.43 | 0.92 | 0.11 | 0.73 | 0.47 | 0.008 |
Support | −0.61 | 0.23 | −1.07 | −0.15 | −0.39 | −2.63 | 0.011 | 0.1 |
Predictor | Estimate | SE | 95% CI Lower | 95% CI Upper | β | t | p | η2p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 23.41 | 0.58 | 22.26 | 24.57 | 0 | 40.55 | <0.001 | |
Sensitivity | 0.56 | 0.24 | 0.09 | 1.04 | 0.38 | 2.36 | 0.021 | 0.08 |
Impairment | 0.34 | 0.24 | −0.14 | 0.82 | 0.2 | 1.42 | 0.161 | 0.03 |
Recovery | 0.1 | 0.22 | −0.33 | 0.54 | 0.07 | 0.48 | 0.633 | 0.01 |
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Nordstokke, D.W.; Hindes, Y. Relationships Between First-Year Student Resilience and Academic Stress. Behav. Sci. 2025, 15, 772. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15060772
Nordstokke DW, Hindes Y. Relationships Between First-Year Student Resilience and Academic Stress. Behavioral Sciences. 2025; 15(6):772. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15060772
Chicago/Turabian StyleNordstokke, David W., and Yvonne Hindes. 2025. "Relationships Between First-Year Student Resilience and Academic Stress" Behavioral Sciences 15, no. 6: 772. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15060772
APA StyleNordstokke, D. W., & Hindes, Y. (2025). Relationships Between First-Year Student Resilience and Academic Stress. Behavioral Sciences, 15(6), 772. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15060772