Social Cognition in Suicidal Behavior in Psychosis: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Eligibility Criteria
2.2. Information Sources
2.3. Search Strategy
2.4. Selection Process
2.5. Data Collection Process
2.6. Data Items
2.7. Study Risk of Bias Assessment
2.8. Effect Measures
2.9. Synthesis Methods
2.10. Reporting Bias Assessment
2.11. Certainty Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Description of the Studies
3.2. Sample
3.3. Emotional Processing
3.4. Theory of Mind
3.5. Attributional Style
3.6. Social Perception
3.7. Additional Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author and Year | Design and Sample | Measure of Suicidal Behavior | Social Cognition Assessment | Results | Quality Assessment by the NIH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abdo et al. (2021) | Transversal n = 21; Mean age = 30.1; F = 100%; Schizophrenia = 100% | SPS | ToM: RMET | Suicidal ideation (hopelessness subdomain): lower affective theory of mind. | Fair |
Canal-Rivero et al. (2017) | Longitudinal (12 months) n = 65; Mean age = 26.2; M = 67.7%; F = 32.3%; Schizophrenia = 70.8% | SCAN | ToM: FBT, Hinting task | History of suicide attempt: more errors in first- and second-order false belief tasks. Predictor: deficit in first-order tasks. | Good |
Chalker et al. (2022) | Transversal n = 96; Mean age = 43.8; M = 44.8%; F = 55.2%; Schizophrenia = 38.5% | C-SSRS | AS: AIHQ | Suicidal ideation: tendency to blame others in individuals with history of emotional or physical abuse. | Fair |
Comparelli et al. (2018) | Transversal n = 86; Mean age = 36.3; M = 74%; F = 26% | C-SSRS | EP: MSCEIT | Suicidal ideation: greater severity related to impairment in social cognition. Predictor: deficit in social cognition. | Fair |
Cuesta et al. (2022) | Longitudinal (20 years) n = 172; Mean age = 48.1; M = 51.7%; F = 48.3%; Schizophrenia = 43.6% | Clinical interview | EP: MSCEIT | No statistically significant relationship. | Good |
Depp et al. (2018) | Longitudinal (2 weeks) n = 179; Mean age = 42.1; M = 65.4%; F = 34.6%; Schizophrenia = 53.1% | BDI-2 | EP: BLERT, ER-40 SP: Trustworthiness Task AS: AIHQ | Suicidal ideation: greater tendency to blame others, greater unreliability in unreliable faces, and greater accuracy in rating negative affect. Predictor: attribution of blame to others, especially in persistent ideation. | Good |
Dickhoff et al. (2021) | Longitudinal (3 years) n = 715; Mean age = 27.2; M = 72.4%; F = 27.6%; Schizophrenia = 70.4% | Clinical interview, CANSAS | EP: DFAR, BFRT ToM: Hinting task | Suicide ideation/attempt: better performance in face detection, especially for fear emotion, and better performance in hinting task in participants with suicidal ideation and attempt. | Good |
Duñó et al. (2009) | Transversal n = 57; Mean age = 31.2; M = 70.1%; F = 29.9%; Schizophrenia = 100% | Clinical interview | ToM: FBT | History of suicide attempt: worse performance in second-order false belief task. Predictor: second-order task. | Fair |
Harenski et al. (2017) | Transversal n = 41; Mean age = 39.7; M = 100%; Schizophrenia = 46.3% Prison population | C-SSRS | EP: Empathic accuracy task | History of suicide attempt: lower empathic accuracy. Predictor: empathic accuracy. | Fair |
Liu et al. (2023) | Transversal n = 301; Mean age = 33.9; M = 60.8%; F = 39.2%; Schizophrenia = 100% | BDI | ToM: IRI | Suicidal ideation: greater personal distress (affective empathy). Predictor: personal distress (affective empathy). | Fair |
Parrish et al. (2024) | Longitudinal (10 days) n = 273; Mean age = 41.7; M = 62.6%; F = 37.4%; Schizophrenia = 26% | C-SSRS | EP: ER-40 | No statistically significant relationship between ER-40 and suicide risk, but greater over attribution of threat related to interpersonal constructs related to suicidal behavior. | Good |
Rocca et al. (2016) | Transversal n = 809; Mean age = 40.1; Schizophrenia = 100% | Clinical interview | EP: MSCEIT, FEIT ToM: TASIT | No statistically significant relationship. | Poor |
Sastre-Buades et al. (2023) | Transversal n = 190; Mean age = 27.9; M = 67.2%; F = 32.8%; Schizophrenia = 38.4% | Clinical interview | EP: Baron Cohen’s Face Test (CBC) ToM: Hinting task AS: IPSAQ | No statistically significant relationship. Small mean effect size for better performance in hinting tasks and very low externalizing bias in patients with suicide attemp history. | Fair |
Villa et al. (2018) | Transversal n = 101; Mean age = 49.9; M = 45.5%; F = 54.5%; Schizophrenia + Schizoaffective = 74.3% | C-SSRS, MSSI | EP: ER-40 | No statistically significant relationship. Tendency in patients with history of suicide to misattribute threat to neutral stimuli. | Fair |
Wang et al. (2020) | Transversal n = 627; Mean age = 47.7; M = 63%; F = 37%; Schizophrenia = 100% | Clinical interview | ToM: IRI | Suicide attempt history: greater total empathy, fantasy (cognitive empathy) and personal distress (affective empathy). Predictor: personal distress (affective empathy). | Fair |
Wastler et al. (2022) | Longitudinal (6 months) n = 65; Mean age = 23; M = 70.8%; F = 29.2%; Schizophrenia spectrum = 60% | CDSS | EP: MSCEIT | No statistically significant relationship | Good |
Yin et al. (2020) | Transversal n = 159; Mean age = 27.1; M = 47.8%; F = 52.2%; Schizophrenia = 100% | Clinical interview | EP: MSCEIT | No statistically significant relationship | Fair |
Zhu and Zhang (2024) | Transversal n = 554; Mean age = 46.4; M = 68.4%; F = 31.6%; Schizophrenia = 100% | Clinical interview; BDI | ToM: IRI | Suicidal ideation: greater personal anguish (affective empathy) | Fair |
Description | Authors | |
---|---|---|
Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) | ToM. Recognition of emotions through photographs of the eyes; the participant must choose the word that most represents the emotion. | (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001; Fernández-Abascal et al., 2013) |
The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT) | ToM. Audiovisual tool integrating gestures, prosody, facial expression, and context to interpret meanings, emotions, beliefs and intentions. | (McDonald et al., 2006) |
Hinting Task | ToM. Stories describing a social interaction with a hint that the participant must interpret. | (Corcoran et al., 1995; Gil et al., 2012) |
False Belief Test (FBT) | ToM. First order task: predict the behavior of a character guided by a false belief. Second order task: predict the false belief that one character has about another character’s belief. | (Frith & Corcoran, 1996) |
Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) | ToM. Divided into cognitive empathy (understanding another’s perspective) and affective empathy (emotional response to another’s affective state). | (Davis, 1983; Pérez-Albéniz et al., 2003) |
Internal, Personal and Situational Attributions Questionnaire (IPSAQ) | AS. Ability to discriminate between external and internal attributions, both personal and situational, through hypothetical scenarios. | (Kinderman & Bentall, 1996) |
Ambiguous Intentions and Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ) | AS. Analyzes the tendency to overattribute negative intentions to others using vignettes of social situations, asking about the intentions of the characters and the participant’s own likely response, | (Combs et al., 2007) |
Trustworthiness Task (TT) | SP. Ability to make complex social judgments of trustworthiness from facial photographs. | (Adolphs et al., 1998) |
Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) | EP. Tests assessing emotional perception, emotional facilitation, emotional understanding, and emotional management as skills for handling emotional problems. | (Mayer et al., 2002; Extremera et al., 2006) |
The Bell Lysaker Emotion Recognition Task (BLERT) | EP. Identification of emotion through the intonation used by an actor interpreting emotions in videos. | (Bryson et al., 1997) |
Penn Emotion Recognition task (ER-40) | EP. Recognition of basic emotions through facial photographs. | (Kohler et al., 2003) |
Degraded Facial Affect Recognition Task (DFAR) | EP. Computer images of people displaying basic emotions, shown with increasing intensity to raise difficulty. | (Van’t Wout et al., 2004) |
Baron Cohen’s Face Test (CBC) | EP. Photographs of an actress representing an emotion; the participant must choose the emotion that best fits. | (Baron-Cohen et al., 1997; Huerta-Ramos et al., 2021) |
The Benton Facial Recognition Task (BFRT) | EP. Assesses face memory by showing a series of face cards, which the participant must identify among several photographs. | (Benton et al., 1983) |
Facial Emotion Identification Test (FEIT) | EP. Identification of basic emotions through facial photographs. | (Kerr & Neale, 1993) |
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Carcedo Herrero, M.; Sastre-Buades, A.; Barrigón, M.L. Social Cognition in Suicidal Behavior in Psychosis: A Systematic Review. Behav. Sci. 2025, 15, 759. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15060759
Carcedo Herrero M, Sastre-Buades A, Barrigón ML. Social Cognition in Suicidal Behavior in Psychosis: A Systematic Review. Behavioral Sciences. 2025; 15(6):759. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15060759
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarcedo Herrero, María, Aina Sastre-Buades, and Maria Luisa Barrigón. 2025. "Social Cognition in Suicidal Behavior in Psychosis: A Systematic Review" Behavioral Sciences 15, no. 6: 759. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15060759
APA StyleCarcedo Herrero, M., Sastre-Buades, A., & Barrigón, M. L. (2025). Social Cognition in Suicidal Behavior in Psychosis: A Systematic Review. Behavioral Sciences, 15(6), 759. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15060759