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Behavioral Sciences
Volume 13
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10.3390/bs13090746
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Article

A New Factor “Otherism” Added to the Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Activities Scale (HEMA) in Chinese Culture

by
Rong Dong
1,†,
Yunxi Wang
1,†,
Chenguang Wei
1,
Xiangling Hou
2,
Kang Ju
3,
Yiming Liang
1,* and
Juzhe Xi
1,*
1
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Positive Education China Academy (PECA), Han-Jing Institute for Studies in Classics, Juzhe Xi’s Master Workroom, Shanghai School Mental Health Service, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
2
School of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
3
Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200335, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(9), 746; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13090746
Submission received: 28 June 2023 / Revised: 2 September 2023 / Accepted: 4 September 2023 / Published: 6 September 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Social Psychology)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Due to different understandings of happiness, people adopt different tendencies to act, which is called orientation to happiness (OTH). Our previous study found that OTH had two core themes, Self-focused and Other-focused in Chinese culture, which was different from OTH structures in Western culture. However, no corresponding measurement tool has been developed or revised. The Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Activities Scale (HEMA) was the most commonly used measurement tool of OTH in recent years. The present study aimed to develop a Chinese version of the HEMA. A total of 1729 Chinese adults participated in this study. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to examine the underlying structure of the Chinese version of the HEMA. The results supported the 3-factor structure of the translation instrument, and the 15-item scale had good convergent and discriminant validity. The three dimensions were named Hedonism, Eudaimonism, and Otherism. Among them, Otherism is a new dimension, which means “the pursuit of the harmony of the group and achieving happiness by fulfilling their responsibilities in the group”. The revised tool was named the Hedonic, Eudaimonic, and Otheristic Motives for Activities Scale-Chinese (HEOMA-C). The results showed that the HEOMA-C has good reliability and validity. Overall, the present study provided an effective tool to assess the OTH in Chinese culture.
Keywords: orientation to happiness; collectivist culture; psychometric study orientation to happiness; collectivist culture; psychometric study

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MDPI and ACS Style

Dong, R.; Wang, Y.; Wei, C.; Hou, X.; Ju, K.; Liang, Y.; Xi, J. A New Factor “Otherism” Added to the Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Activities Scale (HEMA) in Chinese Culture. Behav. Sci. 2023, 13, 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13090746

AMA Style

Dong R, Wang Y, Wei C, Hou X, Ju K, Liang Y, Xi J. A New Factor “Otherism” Added to the Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Activities Scale (HEMA) in Chinese Culture. Behavioral Sciences. 2023; 13(9):746. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13090746

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dong, Rong, Yunxi Wang, Chenguang Wei, Xiangling Hou, Kang Ju, Yiming Liang, and Juzhe Xi. 2023. "A New Factor “Otherism” Added to the Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Activities Scale (HEMA) in Chinese Culture" Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 9: 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13090746

APA Style

Dong, R., Wang, Y., Wei, C., Hou, X., Ju, K., Liang, Y., & Xi, J. (2023). A New Factor “Otherism” Added to the Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Activities Scale (HEMA) in Chinese Culture. Behavioral Sciences, 13(9), 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13090746

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