Determinants of HIV Testing during Pregnancy among Pregnant Sudanese Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Recruitment of Participants and Procedure
2.2. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Subsection
Sociodemographic Characteristics
3.2. Knowledge about MTCT
3.2.1. Perceived Advantages and Disadvantages of HIV Testing during Pregnancy
3.2.2. Influence on the Decision to Receive or Refuse an HIV Test
3.2.3. Experience with HIV Testing and Intention to Undergo HIV Testing in the Future
3.3. Cognitive Factors
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | N (%) |
---|---|
Age 20–29 years | 415 (53.9) |
30–39 years | 268 (34.8) |
40+ years | 32 (4.2) |
Highest level education | |
Low (can read and write, finished primary school) | 252 (32.7) |
Intermediate (completed secondary or occupation school) | 279 (36.2) |
High (has university degree or post graduate) | 239 (31.0) |
Occupation | |
Housewife | 625 (81.2) |
Working | 145 (18.8) |
Residence | |
Omdurman | 661 (85.5) |
Khartoum | 14 (1.8) |
Bahri | 95 (12.3) |
Religion | |
Muslim | 762 (99.0) |
Christian | 8 (1.0) |
What Do You See as the Advantages of You Taking an HIV Test during Pregnancy? | N (%) | What Do You See as the Dis-Advantages of You Taking an HIV Test during Pregnancy? | N (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Know my status | 331 (41.5%) | Has no disadvantages | 588 (73.8%) |
Safeguarding the child | 297 (37.3%) | Fear and Uncertainty | 102 (12.8%) |
Build trust | 233 (29.2%) | Create suspicion | 66 (8.3%) |
Feel control | 116 (14.6%) | Stigmatization | 19 (2.4%) |
Has no advantages | 24 (3%) |
Bivariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p |
Location | 0.983 | 0.853–1.133 | 0.812 | 0.963 | 0.827 –1.122 | 0.632 |
Age | 1.043 | 1.014–1.073 | 0.004 | 1.017 | 1.015–1.079 | 0.003 |
Religion | 0.846 | 0.163–4.399 | 0.842 | 0.796 | 0.150–4.227 | 0.789 |
Education | 1.073 | 0.951–1.211 | 0.253 | 1.032 | 0.898–1.186 | 0.661 |
Occupation | 1.091 | 0.947–1.257 | 0.226 | 1.126 | 0.876–1.201 | 0.752 |
Ever been pregnant | 2.961 | 0.184–47.583 | 0.444 | 0.537 | 0.033–8.868 | 0.664 |
Who do you currently live with | 1.727 | 1.119–2665 | 0.014 | 1.905 | 1.209–3.001 | 0.005 |
Bivariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p |
Attitude | 0.937 | 0.586–1.499 | 0.786 | 1.007 | 0.499–2.029 | 0.985 |
Subjective norms | 0.861 | 0.756–0.980 | 0.023 | 0.726 | 0.527–1.000 | 0.050 |
Self-efficacy | 1.856 | 1.582–2.177 | <0.001 | 2.071 | 1.488–2.883 | <0.001 |
Perceived severity | 0.968 | 0.845–1.109 | 0.643 | 0.813 | 0.561–1.180 | 0.276 |
Perceived susceptibility | 1.417 | 1.212–1.656 | <0.001 | 1.178 | 0.811–1.712 | 0.390 |
Experienced stigma | 0.959 | 0.850–1.082 | 0.499 | 1.093 | 0.824–1.499 | 0.538 |
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Elsiddig Elsheikh, I.; Crutzen, R.; Adam, I.; Ibrahim Abdelraheem, S.; Van den Borne, H.W. Determinants of HIV Testing during Pregnancy among Pregnant Sudanese Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. Behav. Sci. 2022, 12, 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12050150
Elsiddig Elsheikh I, Crutzen R, Adam I, Ibrahim Abdelraheem S, Van den Borne HW. Determinants of HIV Testing during Pregnancy among Pregnant Sudanese Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. Behavioral Sciences. 2022; 12(5):150. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12050150
Chicago/Turabian StyleElsiddig Elsheikh, Ibrahim, Rik Crutzen, Ishag Adam, Salah Ibrahim Abdelraheem, and Hubertus W. Van den Borne. 2022. "Determinants of HIV Testing during Pregnancy among Pregnant Sudanese Women: A Cross-Sectional Study" Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 5: 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12050150
APA StyleElsiddig Elsheikh, I., Crutzen, R., Adam, I., Ibrahim Abdelraheem, S., & Van den Borne, H. W. (2022). Determinants of HIV Testing during Pregnancy among Pregnant Sudanese Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. Behavioral Sciences, 12(5), 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12050150