Next Article in Journal
Traumatic Brain Injury, Sleep Disorders, and Psychiatric Disorders: An Underrecognized Relationship
Next Article in Special Issue
Role of Polyamines in Immune Cell Functions
Previous Article in Journal
23rd International Symposium on Infections in the Critically Ill Patient
Previous Article in Special Issue
Alpha-Difluoromethylornithine, an Irreversible Inhibitor of Polyamine Biosynthesis, as a Therapeutic Strategy against Hyperproliferative and Infectious Diseases
Review

Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology: The Emerging Role of Spermine Oxidase and Spermidine

1
Department of Science, Università degli Studi di Roma “Roma Tre”, 00146 Rome, Italy
2
Department of of Movement Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Med. Sci. 2018, 6(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci6010014
Received: 30 November 2017 / Revised: 7 February 2018 / Accepted: 9 February 2018 / Published: 14 February 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyamine Metabolism in Disease and Polyamine-Targeted Therapies)
Skeletal muscle comprises approximately 40% of the total body mass. Preserving muscle health and function is essential for the entire body in order to counteract chronic diseases such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Prolonged physical inactivity, particularly among the elderly, causes muscle atrophy, a pathological state with adverse outcomes such as poor quality of life, physical disability, and high mortality. In murine skeletal muscle C2C12 cells, increased expression of the spermine oxidase (SMOX) enzyme has been found during cell differentiation. Notably, SMOX overexpression increases muscle fiber size, while SMOX reduction was enough to induce muscle atrophy in multiple murine models. Of note, the SMOX reaction product spermidine appears to be involved in skeletal muscle atrophy/hypertrophy. It is effective in reactivating autophagy, ameliorating the myopathic defects of collagen VI-null mice. Moreover, spermidine treatment, if combined with exercise, can affect D-gal-induced aging-related skeletal muscle atrophy. This review hypothesizes a role for SMOX during skeletal muscle differentiation and outlines its role and that of spermidine in muscle atrophy. The identification of new molecular pathways involved in the maintenance of skeletal muscle health could be beneficial in developing novel therapeutic lead compounds to treat muscle atrophy. View Full-Text
Keywords: aging; atrophy; autophagy; oxidative stress; polyamines; skeletal muscle; spermidine; spermine oxidase; transgenic mouse aging; atrophy; autophagy; oxidative stress; polyamines; skeletal muscle; spermidine; spermine oxidase; transgenic mouse
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

MDPI and ACS Style

Cervelli, M.; Leonetti, A.; Duranti, G.; Sabatini, S.; Ceci, R.; Mariottini, P. Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology: The Emerging Role of Spermine Oxidase and Spermidine. Med. Sci. 2018, 6, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci6010014

AMA Style

Cervelli M, Leonetti A, Duranti G, Sabatini S, Ceci R, Mariottini P. Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology: The Emerging Role of Spermine Oxidase and Spermidine. Medical Sciences. 2018; 6(1):14. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci6010014

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cervelli, Manuela, Alessia Leonetti, Guglielmo Duranti, Stefania Sabatini, Roberta Ceci, and Paolo Mariottini. 2018. "Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology: The Emerging Role of Spermine Oxidase and Spermidine" Medical Sciences 6, no. 1: 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci6010014

Find Other Styles
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Access Map by Country/Region

1
Back to TopTop