Understanding the Permafrost–Hydrate System and Associated Methane Releases in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Major Components of the ESAS Permafrost–Hydrate System
2.1. Specific Features of the ESAS Environment
2.2. Current State of Subsea Permafrost
3. Arctic Hydrates in the ESAS
3.1. History of the Topic
3.2. Mechanism of Arctic Hydrate Origination
3.3. Principal Scheme of the Permafrost–Hydrates System
4. Specific Features of CH4 Releases in the ESAS (1994–2017)
4.1. Flux Assessment Based on Observational Data
4.2. Flux Attribution to Permafrost State and Source Contribution
4.3. Factors Controlling CH4 Emissions
4.4. Contribution of the ESAS to Global Hydrate Pool
5. Discussion and Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Shakhova, N.; Semiletov, I.; Chuvilin, E. Understanding the Permafrost–Hydrate System and Associated Methane Releases in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf. Geosciences 2019, 9, 251. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9060251
Shakhova N, Semiletov I, Chuvilin E. Understanding the Permafrost–Hydrate System and Associated Methane Releases in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf. Geosciences. 2019; 9(6):251. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9060251
Chicago/Turabian StyleShakhova, Natalia, Igor Semiletov, and Evgeny Chuvilin. 2019. "Understanding the Permafrost–Hydrate System and Associated Methane Releases in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf" Geosciences 9, no. 6: 251. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9060251