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Volume 9
Issue 12
10.3390/geosciences9120506
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Review

Antarctic Sea Ice Proxies from Marine and Ice Core Archives Suitable for Reconstructing Sea Ice over the Past 2000 Years

by
Elizabeth R. Thomas
1,*,
Claire S. Allen
1,
Johan Etourneau
2,3,
Amy C. F. King
1,
Mirko Severi
4,
V. Holly L. Winton
1,
Juliane Mueller
5,
Xavier Crosta
3 and
Victoria L. Peck
1
1
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
2
Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, 75014 Paris, France
3
UMR 5805 EPOC CNRS, University of Bordeaux, 33400 Talence, France
4
Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Firenze, Italy
5
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Geosciences 2019, 9(12), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9120506
Submission received: 23 October 2019 / Revised: 20 November 2019 / Accepted: 29 November 2019 / Published: 4 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Variability in Antarctica and the Southern Hemisphere over the Last Millennia)
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Abstract

Dramatic changes in sea ice have been observed in both poles in recent decades. However, the observational period for sea ice is short, and the climate models tasked with predicting future change in sea ice struggle to capture the current Antarctic trends. Paleoclimate archives, from marine sedimentary records and coastal Antarctic ice cores, provide a means of understanding sea ice variability and its drivers over decadal to centennial timescales. In this study, we collate published records of Antarctic sea ice over the past 2000 years (2 ka). We evaluate the current proxies and explore the potential of combining marine and ice core records to produce multi-archive reconstructions. Despite identifying 92 sea ice reconstructions, the spatial and temporal resolution is only sufficient to reconstruct circum-Antarctic sea ice during the 20th century, not the full 2 ka. Our synthesis reveals a 90 year trend of increasing sea ice in the Ross Sea and declining sea ice in the Bellingshausen, comparable with observed trends since 1979. Reconstructions in the Weddell Sea, the Western Pacific and the Indian Ocean reveal small negative trends in sea ice during the 20th century (1900–1990), in contrast to the observed sea ice expansion in these regions since 1979.
Keywords: sea ice; Antarctica; paleoclimate; ice cores; marine sediments sea ice; Antarctica; paleoclimate; ice cores; marine sediments

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MDPI and ACS Style

Thomas, E.R.; Allen, C.S.; Etourneau, J.; King, A.C.F.; Severi, M.; Winton, V.H.L.; Mueller, J.; Crosta, X.; Peck, V.L. Antarctic Sea Ice Proxies from Marine and Ice Core Archives Suitable for Reconstructing Sea Ice over the Past 2000 Years. Geosciences 2019, 9, 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9120506

AMA Style

Thomas ER, Allen CS, Etourneau J, King ACF, Severi M, Winton VHL, Mueller J, Crosta X, Peck VL. Antarctic Sea Ice Proxies from Marine and Ice Core Archives Suitable for Reconstructing Sea Ice over the Past 2000 Years. Geosciences. 2019; 9(12):506. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9120506

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thomas, Elizabeth R., Claire S. Allen, Johan Etourneau, Amy C. F. King, Mirko Severi, V. Holly L. Winton, Juliane Mueller, Xavier Crosta, and Victoria L. Peck. 2019. "Antarctic Sea Ice Proxies from Marine and Ice Core Archives Suitable for Reconstructing Sea Ice over the Past 2000 Years" Geosciences 9, no. 12: 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9120506

APA Style

Thomas, E. R., Allen, C. S., Etourneau, J., King, A. C. F., Severi, M., Winton, V. H. L., Mueller, J., Crosta, X., & Peck, V. L. (2019). Antarctic Sea Ice Proxies from Marine and Ice Core Archives Suitable for Reconstructing Sea Ice over the Past 2000 Years. Geosciences, 9(12), 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9120506

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