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Volume 9
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Article

The Concept of Geodetic Analyses of the Measurement Results Obtained by Hydrostatic Leveling

by
Waldemar Kamiński
and
Karolina Makowska
*
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Geosciences 2019, 9(10), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9100406
Submission received: 29 July 2019 / Revised: 17 September 2019 / Accepted: 19 September 2019 / Published: 20 September 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geosciences and their use in the field of Civil Engineering)
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Abstract

The article discusses the issue of hydrostatic leveling. Its application is presented in structural health monitoring systems in order to determine vertical displacements of controlled points. Moreover, the article includes a complete computation scheme that utilizes the estimation from observation differences, allowing the elimination of the influence of individual sensors’ systematic errors. The authors suggest two concepts of processing the measurement results depending on the sensors’ connection method. Additionally, the second concept is extended by the elements allowing the prediction of the displacements by means of Kalman filtering.
Keywords: hydrostatic leveling; vertical displacement; Kalman filtering; structural health monitoring systems; civil engineering; sensor; systematic error; geodetic analysis hydrostatic leveling; vertical displacement; Kalman filtering; structural health monitoring systems; civil engineering; sensor; systematic error; geodetic analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kamiński, W.; Makowska, K. The Concept of Geodetic Analyses of the Measurement Results Obtained by Hydrostatic Leveling. Geosciences 2019, 9, 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9100406

AMA Style

Kamiński W, Makowska K. The Concept of Geodetic Analyses of the Measurement Results Obtained by Hydrostatic Leveling. Geosciences. 2019; 9(10):406. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9100406

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kamiński, Waldemar, and Karolina Makowska. 2019. "The Concept of Geodetic Analyses of the Measurement Results Obtained by Hydrostatic Leveling" Geosciences 9, no. 10: 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9100406

APA Style

Kamiński, W., & Makowska, K. (2019). The Concept of Geodetic Analyses of the Measurement Results Obtained by Hydrostatic Leveling. Geosciences, 9(10), 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9100406

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