The Lyavaraka Ultrabasic Complex, Serpentinite Belt, Kola Peninsula, Russia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Geological Setting
3.1.1. Exposures and Significant Petrographic Details
3.1.2. Compositional Variations in the Lyavaraka Complex
3.1.3. Geochemical Variations in the Lyavaraka Complex
4. Discussion
4.1. Geotectonic Inferences and Implications for Primary Melts
4.2. Internal Structure, Zones and Crystallization of the Lyavaraka Complex
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The Lyavaraka ultrabasic complex is one of several dunite–harzburgite–orthopyroxenite intrusive bodies that crystallized from an Al-undepleted komatiitic magma. They are exposed as shallow plutonic complexes in the Serpentinite Belt–Tulppio Belt (the SB–TB megastructure), which defines a large igneous province of Paleoproterozoic age.
- (2)
- The emplacement of the Lyavaraka and related complexes coincides with extension in the stable craton of the Fennoscandian Shield in the Early Paleoproterozoic. This geotectonic setting accounts for the shallow emplacement of highly magnesian komatiitic magma.
- (3)
- Zone I, an ultrabasic core-like zone, Zone II with predominant orthopyroxene, and Zone III, with recurrent Ol + Cpx + Pl, correspond to the three stages of crystallization of the Lyavaraka complex. Primocrysts of hypermagnesian Opx (Mg# 91–93) nucleated at a relatively high level of fO2 in central areas of Zone II as olivine (Mg# 89.1–90.3) was forming in Zone I.
- (4)
- In Zone III, olivine grains of a second generation (Mg# 74.5–75.8) appeared after the primocrystic Cpx (Mg# up to 88.0). The recurrence of olivine is attributed to the progressive buildup in fO2 and conversion of Fe2+ to Fe3+, well documented in earlier studies of oxide parageneses at Lyavaraka.
- (5)
- The elevated content of volatiles (H2O, CO2, Cl) in the highly magnesian magma accounts for its ability to be emplaced to a shallow crustal level. The occurrence of megaspheroids of orthopyroxene up to 12–15 cm across and of fine-grained orthopyroxene cocrystallized with Mg-rich calcic amphibole is indicative of a fluid-rich melt. Its degassing caused an increase in the intrinsic fugacity of oxygen.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zone III: Zone of Recurrent Ol + Cpx + Pl |
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Zone II: Zone of Dominant Orthopyroxene |
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Zone I: Olivine-Dominant Core-like Zone |
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Barkov, A.Y.; Nikiforov, A.A.; Korolyuk, V.N.; Martin, R.F. The Lyavaraka Ultrabasic Complex, Serpentinite Belt, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Geosciences 2022, 12, 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12090323
Barkov AY, Nikiforov AA, Korolyuk VN, Martin RF. The Lyavaraka Ultrabasic Complex, Serpentinite Belt, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Geosciences. 2022; 12(9):323. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12090323
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarkov, Andrei Y., Andrey A. Nikiforov, Vladimir N. Korolyuk, and Robert F. Martin. 2022. "The Lyavaraka Ultrabasic Complex, Serpentinite Belt, Kola Peninsula, Russia" Geosciences 12, no. 9: 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12090323