An Unsaturated/Saturated Coupled Hydrogeological Model for the Llamara Salt Flat, Chile, to Investigate Prosopis tamarugo Survival
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Zone
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Description of the Unsaturated/Saturated Coupled Hydrogeological Model
3.2. Model Implementation in the Llamara Salt Flat Basin
3.3. Impact of Groundwater Withdrawal and Recharge Rates on Water Table Levels and Soil Moisture Beneath the Tamarugo Trees
4. Results
4.1. Model Calibration and Validation
4.2. Impact of Groundwater Withdrawal and Recharge Rates on Water Table Levels and Soil Moisture Beneath the Tamarugo Trees
4.2.1. Water Table Depth Evolution
4.2.2. Volumetric Water Content Evolution Beneath the Canopy of the Tamarugo Trees
5. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pumping Well | Simulation 1 (Baseline) | Simulation 2 (25% Increase in Withdrawal) | Simulation 3 (20% Decrease in Withdrawal) | Simulation 4 (Recharge Maintained) |
---|---|---|---|---|
PW1 | 60 | 75 | 60 | 60 |
PW2 | 65 | 81 | 65 | 65 |
PW3 | 35 | 44 | 35 | 35 |
PW4 | 30 | 38 | 30 | 30 |
PW5 | 31 | 39 | 31 | 31 |
Total | 221 | 277 | 221 | 221 |
Groundwater recharge | 465 | 465 | 372 | 80 |
Parameter | Description | Value | Units |
---|---|---|---|
θr | Residual volumetric water content | 0.02 | m3/m3 |
θs | Saturated volumetric water content | 0.45 | m3/m3 |
α | Inverse of the bubbling pressure | 3.70 | m−1 |
n | Empirical parameter | 1.68 | - |
m | Empirical parameter | 0.40 | - |
Location | Distance to PW1 (km) | Drawdown (m) 6 Months 1 | Drawdown (m) Year 2010 | Drawdown (m) Year 2030 |
---|---|---|---|---|
PW1 2 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 5.4 | 7.8 |
T1 3 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 1.4 |
T2 3 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
T3 3 | 2.7 | 0.0 | −0.1 | −0.1 |
T4 3 | 3.6 | 0.0 | −0.3 | −0.3 |
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Samuel, A.; Blin, N.; Muñoz, J.F.; Suárez, F. An Unsaturated/Saturated Coupled Hydrogeological Model for the Llamara Salt Flat, Chile, to Investigate Prosopis tamarugo Survival. Geosciences 2020, 10, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10010001
Samuel A, Blin N, Muñoz JF, Suárez F. An Unsaturated/Saturated Coupled Hydrogeological Model for the Llamara Salt Flat, Chile, to Investigate Prosopis tamarugo Survival. Geosciences. 2020; 10(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamuel, Alex, Nicole Blin, José F. Muñoz, and Francisco Suárez. 2020. "An Unsaturated/Saturated Coupled Hydrogeological Model for the Llamara Salt Flat, Chile, to Investigate Prosopis tamarugo Survival" Geosciences 10, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10010001