Effect of Supplemental Cyanocobalamin on the Growth Performance and Hematological Indicators of the White Pekin Ducks from Hatch to Day 21
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods Estimate
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Chicks and Diets
2.3. Growth Performance and Hematological Parameters
2.4. Sampling and Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Growth Performance
3.2. Hematology
3.2.1. White Blood Cells
3.2.2. Red Blood Cells
3.2.3. Platelet Count
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Items | Content (%) |
---|---|
Ingredients | |
Corn | 63.6 |
Soyabean meal | 32.4 |
Calcium hydrophashate | 1.6 |
Lime stone | 0.8 |
Premix 1 | 1 |
NACL | 0.3 |
Methionine | 0.2 |
Lysine | 0.1 |
Calculated Composition | |
Metabolizable energy (Mcal/kg) 2 | 2.9 |
Crude protein | 20.03 |
Calcium | 0.96 |
Nonphytic acid phosphor | 0.42 |
Lysine | 1.11 |
Methionine | 0.51 |
Methionine + Cystine | 0.85 |
Threonine | 0.81 |
Tryptophan | 0.25 |
Arganine | 1.41 |
Valine | 0.93 |
Isoleucine | 0.81 |
Phosphorus | 0.62 |
Vitamin B12 | 0 |
Parameters | Vitamin B-12 (mg/Kg) 1 | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 1 | ||
ADG (g/bird/day) | 55.73 ± 1.6 | 56.30 ± 0.9 | 56.72 ± 1.1 | 56.25 ± 1.5 | 56.35 ± 1.5 | 56.29 ± 1.6 | 0.853 |
ADFI (g/bird/day) | 89.95 ± 4.7 | 92.10 ± 2.2 | 93.6 ± 2.8 | 92.4 ± 2.5 | 94.0 ± 3.4 | 94.1 ± 4.7 | 0.174 |
FCR | 1.61 ± 0.10 | 1.63 ± 0.02 | 1.65 ± 0.02 | 1.64 ± 0.03 | 1.66 ± 0.04 | 1.67 ± 0.03 | 0.301 |
Parameters | Vitamin B-12 (mg/Kg) 1 | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 1 | ||
WBC (109/L) | 126.7 ± 22.5 b | 139.2 ± 7.2 a | 141.8 ± 4.3 a | 137.3 ± 14.9 a | 142.5 ± 3.0 a | 133.8 ± 9.5 ab | 0.004 |
LYM (109/L) | 60.2 ± 13.4 | 62 ± 11.2 | 62.9 ± 7.2 | 64.1 ± 9.4 | 61.5 ± 8.3 | 60.9 ± 13.1 | 0.474 |
MID (109/L) | 20.4 ± 2.9 | 21.1 ± 3.2 | 20.9 ± 1 | 20.9 ± 1.8 | 20.7 ± 1.7 b | 20.5 ± 3.0 | 0.061 |
GRA (109/L) | 46.1 ± 33.9 | 61.1 ± 16.9 | 57.9 ± 8.7 | 54.2 ± 21.9 | 62.3 ± 9.9 | 54.5 ± 14.3 | 0.211 |
LYM (%) | 51.7 ± 17.2 | 41.2 ± 9.1 | 44.6 ± 5.8 | 47.7 ± 10.4 | 41.9 ± 6 | 44.9 ± 9.6 | 0.139 |
MID (%) | 16.5 ± 3.8 a | 15.2 ± 2.8 ab | 14.7 ± 0.7 b | 13.9 ± 1.2 b | 14.5 ± 1.1 b | 14.9 ± 2.4 b | 0.028 |
GRA (%) | 33.3 ± 20.5 | 43.6 ± 11.4 | 40.7 ± 5.5 | 38.4 ± 11.3 | 43.6 ± 6.4 | 40.8 ± 10.9 | 0.161 |
Parameters | Vitamin B-12 (mg/Kg) 1 | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 1 | ||
RBC (1012/L) | 1.4 ± 0.5 b | 1.7 ± 0.2 a | 1.6 ± 0.4 ab | 1.5 ± 0.4 b | 1.8 ± 0.1 a | 1.6 ± 0.3 a | 0.005 |
HGB (g/L) | 82.4 ± 42.6 b | 111.9 ± 11.5 a | 103.1 ± 22.8 a | 109.1 ± 37.5 a | 111.8 ± 7.1 a | 116.9 ± 17.6 a | 0.001 |
HCT (L/L) | 0.17 ± 0.11 b | 0.25 ± 0.03 a | 0.23 ± 0.05 a | 0.20 ± 0.09 b | 0.26 ± 0.02 a | 0.26 ± 0.04 a | 0.001 |
MCV (fL) | 107.5 ± 38.6 b | 145.7 ± 3.5 a | 141.8 ± 5.3 a | 120.3 ± 28.6 b | 142.5 ± 3.5 a | 148.9 ± 2.9 a | 0.001 |
MCH (pg) | 54.3 ± 12.15 b | 65.1 ± 4.6 a | 64.1 ± 6.67 a | 59.8 ± 12.12 b | 61.7 ± 4.05 a | 66.6 ± 4.3 a | 0.001 |
MCHC (g/L) | 505.6 ± 82.3 a | 424.2 ± 22.1 b | 428.5 ± 33.9 a | 398.1 ± 57.6 b | 410.6 ± 20.9 b | 424.5 ± 21.6 b | 0.001 |
RDW-SD (fL) | 43.2 ± 18.9 c | 64.4 ± 4.2 a | 63.4 ± 3.9 a | 52.6 ± 16 b | 61.4 ± 2.3 a | 63.9 ± 13.6 a | 0.001 |
RDW-CV (%) | 32.1 ± 18.8 a | 13.7 ± 1.6 b | 15.1 ± 2.2 b | 27.9 ± 16.8 b | 15.2 ± 1.3 b | 13.1 ± 1.1 b | 0.001 |
Parameters | Vitamin B-12 (mg/Kg) 1 | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 1 | ||
PLT (109/L) | 41.3 ± 23.4 c | 55.8 ± 33.9 ab | 76.7 ± 38.9 bc | 84.6 ± 33.7 a | 73.4 ± 23.1 bc | 43.6 ± 19.7 b | 0.001 |
PCT (L/L) | 0.05 ± 0.03 b | 0.08 ± 0.05 ab | 0.11 ± 0.05 a | 0.11 ± 0.05 a | 0.09 ± 0.03 a | 0.06 ± 0.03 b | 0.001 |
MPV (fL) | 11.4 ± 2.1 c | 13.4 ± 0.41 a | 13.7 ± 0.3 a | 12.4 ± 1.6 b | 13.5 ± 0.26 a | 13.5 ± 0.37 a | 0.001 |
PDW (%) | 51.9 ± 24.4 a | 37.6 ± 23.7 b | 27.5 ± 21.5 ab | 22.9 ± 8.4 c | 24.7 ±10.03 ab | 34.4 ±17.01 ab | 0.001 |
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Ahmad, Z.; Xie, M.; Wu, Y.; Hou, S. Effect of Supplemental Cyanocobalamin on the Growth Performance and Hematological Indicators of the White Pekin Ducks from Hatch to Day 21. Animals 2019, 9, 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9090633
Ahmad Z, Xie M, Wu Y, Hou S. Effect of Supplemental Cyanocobalamin on the Growth Performance and Hematological Indicators of the White Pekin Ducks from Hatch to Day 21. Animals. 2019; 9(9):633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9090633
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmad, Zaheer, Ming Xie, Yongbao Wu, and Shuisheng Hou. 2019. "Effect of Supplemental Cyanocobalamin on the Growth Performance and Hematological Indicators of the White Pekin Ducks from Hatch to Day 21" Animals 9, no. 9: 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9090633