Multi-Step Tail Biting Outbreak Intervention Protocols for Pigs Housed on Slatted Floors
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals and Housing
2.2. Recording of Tail Injuries and Tail Scores
2.3. Definition of a Tail Biting Outbreak
2.4. Intervention Methods
2.5. Intervention Protocol
2.6. Ethical Considerations
2.7. Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Intervention Success
3.2. Intervention Duration
3.3. Tail Lesion Scores
4. Discussion
4.1. Intervention Success and Duration
4.2. Intervention and Tail Lesion Scores
4.3. Reintroduction of Ex-Biters and Ex-Victims
4.4. Different Types of Outbreaks
4.5. Limitation in Data Collection
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Day | D0 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outbreak identified | Remove biters/+victims | Monitor | Monitor | Reintroduce + 3 ropes | Remove 1st rope | Remove 2nd rope | Remove 3rd rope | Monitor | Monitor | Monitor | Success |
Add ropes × 3 | Remove 1st rope | Remove 2nd rope | Remove 3rd rope | Monitor | Monitor | Monitor | Success |
Comparisons | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Test | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pens with outbreaks | 22 | 12 | X2 (1, N = 96) = 4.55 | 0.03 |
Pens with recurring outbreaks | 4 (18.2%) | 2 (16.7%) | - | - |
Pens with slow outbreaks (>72 h) | 5 (19.2%) | 3 (21.4%) | X2 (1, N = 40) = 0.03 | 0.87 |
Mean duration of outbreaks (d) | 19.6 | 13.3 | t (34) = 2.28 | 0.03 |
Successful interventions (%) | 76.92 | 85.71 | X2 (1, N = 40) = 0.44 | 0.51 |
Interventions used (median) | 2 | 1 | U (N1 = 26, N2 = 14) = 267 | 0.58 |
Method | 1st Step | Result | Count (Percentage) | 2nd Step | Result | Count (Percentage) | 3rd Step | Result | Count (Percentage) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | 14 (35.0%) | Fail | 9 (22.5%) | 7 | Fail | 3 (15.0%) | 2 | Fail | 1 (10.0%) |
Success | 5 (12.5%) | Success | 4 (20.0%) | Success | 1 (10.0%) | ||||
V | 16 (40.0%) | Fail | 7 (17.5%) | 8 | Fail | 5 (25.0%) | 2 | Fail | 1 (10.0%) |
Success | 9 (22.5%) | Success | 3 (15.0%) | Success | 1 (10.0%) | ||||
R | 10 (25.0%) | Fail | 4 (10.0%) | 5 | Fail | 2 (10.0%) | 6 | Fail | 6 (60.0%) |
Success | 6 (15.0%) | Success | 3 (15.0%) | Success | 0 (0.0%) | ||||
Total | 40 | Fail | 20 (50.0%) | 20 | Fail | 10 (50.0%) | 10 | Fail | 8 (80.0%) |
Success | 20 (50.0%) | Success | 10 (50.0%) | Success | 2 (20.0%) |
Tail Damage | Before 1 | After 2 | Test | p-Value |
Score 0 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.15 ± 0.03 | U = 1115.0 | 0.481 |
Score 2 & 3 | 0.26 ± 0.03 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | t = 4.00 | < 0.001 |
Score 3 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | U = 1397.0 | 0.006 |
Blood Presence | Before 1 | After 2 | Test | p-Value |
Score 0 | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.35 ± 0.04 | t = −2.77 | 0.007 |
Score 2 & 3 | 0.38 ± 0.04 | 0.16 ± 0.03 | t = 4.67 | < 0.001 |
Score 3 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | U = 1334.5 | 0.048 |
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Chou, J.-Y.; O’Driscoll, K.; D’Eath, R.B.; Sandercock, D.A.; Camerlink, I. Multi-Step Tail Biting Outbreak Intervention Protocols for Pigs Housed on Slatted Floors. Animals 2019, 9, 582. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080582
Chou J-Y, O’Driscoll K, D’Eath RB, Sandercock DA, Camerlink I. Multi-Step Tail Biting Outbreak Intervention Protocols for Pigs Housed on Slatted Floors. Animals. 2019; 9(8):582. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080582
Chicago/Turabian StyleChou, Jen-Yun, Keelin O’Driscoll, Rick B. D’Eath, Dale A. Sandercock, and Irene Camerlink. 2019. "Multi-Step Tail Biting Outbreak Intervention Protocols for Pigs Housed on Slatted Floors" Animals 9, no. 8: 582. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080582
APA StyleChou, J. -Y., O’Driscoll, K., D’Eath, R. B., Sandercock, D. A., & Camerlink, I. (2019). Multi-Step Tail Biting Outbreak Intervention Protocols for Pigs Housed on Slatted Floors. Animals, 9(8), 582. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080582