The Impacts of a Reading-to-Dog Programme on Attending and Reading of Nine Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Vet Ethology, Leemveldstraat 44, 3090 Overijse, Belgium
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Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
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CAN (Comportamento Animale Napoli) S.S.D.R.L., Via Camaldolilli, 79, 80128 Naples, Italy
4
L’altra via, Psychology and Animal Assisted Intervention, Via Petrarca, 4, 09010 Pula, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Animals 2019, 9(8), 491; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080491
Received: 29 May 2019
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Revised: 17 July 2019
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Accepted: 23 July 2019
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Published: 26 July 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dog Behaviour, Physiology and Welfare)
Simple Summary
The purpose of this research was to compare reading motivation and attitude, as well as reading and cognitive skills, of school-age children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) who attended a 10 session reading programme with and without the presence of a dog. Children who read to a dog had 100% attendance at sessions over the course of the programme versus 75% (range 25–100%) of children attending reading sessions without a dog. In addition, after the programme, they were significantly more motivated and willing to read at home, as perceived by their parents. However, there were no significant differences in scores on reading and cognitive tests either within each group or between groups. Based on these results, we can conclude that reading to a dog can have positive effects on an ASD child’s motivation and attitude toward reading. More research is needed to better understand if it can also have positive effects on children with ASD’s overall reading and cognitive abilities.
Poor knowledge is available on the effectiveness of reading to dogs in educational settings, particularly in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). In this study, we test the hypothesis that reading to a dog improves propensity towards books and motivation to read after the end of the programme, as well as reading and cognitive skills in children with ASD. The study is a prospective, randomized controlled trial, consisting of testing and re-testing after a 10 sessions reading programme with and without the presence of a dog. Nine Children with ASD (6–11 years old) were randomly assigned to a control (CG, reading without a dog, n. 4) or experimental group (EG, reading to a dog, n. 5). Children’s attendance at reading sessions was recorded at each session. Parents’ perceptions were evaluated at the end of the programme to detect changes in children’s attitudes and motivation toward reading. Psychologist-administered validated reading (Cornoldi’s MT2 reading test; test of reading comprehension, TORC; metaphonological competence test, MCF) and cognitive tests (Wechsler intelligence scale for children Wisc IV, Vineland) to all children, at baseline and at the end of the reading programme. Compared with CG children, children in the EG group participated more frequently in the reading sessions, and they were reported to be more motivated readers at home after the programme. However, there were no differences on reading and cognitive tests’ scores either within each group of children or between groups. Further studies are warranted in order to understand whether and how incorporating dogs into a reading programme is beneficial to Children with ASD at the socio-emotional and cognitive level.
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Keywords:
dogs; children; Autism Spectrum Disorders; cognition; reading-to-dog programme
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MDPI and ACS Style
Uccheddu, S.; Albertini, M.; Pierantoni, L.; Fantino, S.; Pirrone, F. The Impacts of a Reading-to-Dog Programme on Attending and Reading of Nine Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Animals 2019, 9, 491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080491
AMA Style
Uccheddu S, Albertini M, Pierantoni L, Fantino S, Pirrone F. The Impacts of a Reading-to-Dog Programme on Attending and Reading of Nine Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Animals. 2019; 9(8):491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080491
Chicago/Turabian StyleUccheddu, Stefania, Mariangela Albertini, Ludovica Pierantoni, Sara Fantino, and Federica Pirrone. 2019. "The Impacts of a Reading-to-Dog Programme on Attending and Reading of Nine Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders" Animals 9, no. 8: 491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080491
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