Botulism in Wild Birds and Changes in Environmental Habitat: A Relationship to be Considered
Abstract
:Simple summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Ethic Permits
References
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Audouin’s Gull (Larus audouinii) | Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) | Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) |
Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus) | Black-necked Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) | Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa) |
Black-throated Loon (Gavia arctica) | Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus) | Common Crane (Grus grus) |
Common Greenshank (Tringa nebularia) | Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) | Common Pochard (Aythya ferina) |
Common Redshank (Tringa tetanus) | Common Ringed Plover (Charadrius hiaticula) | Common Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos) |
Common Shelduck (Tadorna tadorna) | Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) | Cory’s Shearwater (Calonectris diomedea) |
Curlew Sandpiper (Calidris ferruginea) | Dunlin (Calidris alpine) | Eurasian Bittern (Botaurus stellaris) |
Eurasian Coot (Fulica atra) | Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata) | Eurasian Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus) |
Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) | Eurasian Teal (Anas crecca) | Eurasian Wigeon (Anas Penelope) |
Eurasian Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) | European Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria) | Ferruginous Duck (Aythya nyroca) |
Gadwall (Anas strepera) | Garganey (Anas Querquedula) | Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) |
Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) | Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus) | Green Sandpiper (Trinca ochropus) |
Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) | Grey Plover (Pluvialis squatarola) | Greylag Goose (Anser anser) |
Jack Snipe (Lymnocryptes minimus) | Kentish Plover (Charadrius alexandrines) | Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) |
Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus) | Little Bittern (Ixobrichus minutus) | Little Crake (Porzana parva) |
Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) | Little Grebe (Tachyhaptus ruficollis) | Little Gull (Larus minutus) |
Little Ringed Plover (Charadrius dubius) | Little Stint (Calidris minuta) | Little Tern (Sternula albifrons) |
Long-tailed Jaeger (Stercorarius longicaudus) | Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) | Mediterranean Gull (Larus melanocephalus) |
Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus) | Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) | Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) |
Northern Showeler (Anas Clypeata) | Pied Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta) | Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea) |
Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator) | Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpress) | Ruff (Philomacus pugnax) |
Sandwich Tern (Thalasseus sandvicensis) | Spotted Crake (Porzana porzana) | Spotted Redshank (Tringa erythropus) |
Squacco Heron (Ardeola ralloides) | Temminck’s Stint (Calidris temminckii) | Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula) |
Tundra Bean Goose (Anser serristrosis) | Water Rail (Rallus acquaticus) | Western Great Egret (Ardea alba) |
Whiskered Tern (Chlidonias hybrid) | White-winged Tern (Chlidonias leuctoperus) | Wood Sandpiper (Trinca glareola) |
Yelkouan Shearwater (Puffinus yelkouan) | Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahelis) |
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Circella, E.; Camarda, A.; Bano, L.; Marzano, G.; Lombardi, R.; D’Onghia, F.; Greco, G. Botulism in Wild Birds and Changes in Environmental Habitat: A Relationship to be Considered. Animals 2019, 9, 1034. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9121034
Circella E, Camarda A, Bano L, Marzano G, Lombardi R, D’Onghia F, Greco G. Botulism in Wild Birds and Changes in Environmental Habitat: A Relationship to be Considered. Animals. 2019; 9(12):1034. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9121034
Chicago/Turabian StyleCircella, Elena, Antonio Camarda, Luca Bano, Giacomo Marzano, Roberto Lombardi, Francesco D’Onghia, and Grazia Greco. 2019. "Botulism in Wild Birds and Changes in Environmental Habitat: A Relationship to be Considered" Animals 9, no. 12: 1034. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9121034
APA StyleCircella, E., Camarda, A., Bano, L., Marzano, G., Lombardi, R., D’Onghia, F., & Greco, G. (2019). Botulism in Wild Birds and Changes in Environmental Habitat: A Relationship to be Considered. Animals, 9(12), 1034. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9121034