Antiviral Activity of 1-Deoxynojirimycin Extracts of Mulberry Leaves Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cells, Viruses, and Antibodies
2.2. Cytotoxicity Assay
2.3. Determination of Half Virus Inhibition Rate
2.4. Quantitative Real-Time PCR
2.5. Western Blotting
2.6. The Experiment of DNJ Inhibiting the Life Cycle of PEDV
2.7. Plaque Formation Assay
2.8. Measurement of Anti-Oxidative Stress Activity
2.9. Molecular Docking Simulation of the Binding of DNJ with the Protein Target of PEDV
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of DNJ
3.2. Antiviral Activity of DNJ in Vero-E6 Cells
3.3. Effect of DNJ on Different Stages of PEDV Life Cycle
3.4. DNJ Anti-PEDV Activity Is Related to Inhibition of ROS Production
3.5. DNJ Alleviated the Inflammatory Cytokines Induced by PEDV Infection
3.6. Molecular Docking to Predict Protein Targets of DNJ
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primer | Sequence (5′–3′) |
---|---|
PEDV-N-F | AAACCACGCAGCAGCAGAATG |
PEDV-N-R | TGTATTTTTTCCGCTGTTGTC |
PEDV-S-F | GAACTGCCATTCAGCGTATT |
PEDV-S-R | ACCGAACTCAGGGTAACCAA |
PEDV-M-F | TTGTATGGTGTCAAGATGGC |
PEDV-M-R | AAGGATGCTGAAAGCGAAAA |
PEDV-ORF3-F | TTTGCACTGTTTAAAGCGTCT |
PEDV-ORF3-R | AGTAAAAGCAGACTAAACAAAGCCT |
β-GAPDH-F | AACGGATTTGGTCGTATTGGG |
β-GAPDH-R | CAGCTTTGGGGCAGCACTCA |
IL-1β-F | GCGGCAACGAGGATGACTT |
IL-1β-R | TGGCTACAACAACTGACACGG |
IL-8-F | GGAACCATCTCGCTCTGTGTAA |
IL-8-R | GGTCCACTCTCAATCACTCTCAG |
MCP-F | ACTTGCTGCTGGTGATTCTTCT |
MCP-R | CTTCTGTGCCTGCTGCTCATA |
TNF-α-F | CACCACGCTCTTCTGTCT |
TNF-α-R | AGATGATCTGACTGCCTGAG |
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Sun, Y.; Wang, L.; Ma, K.; Shen, M.; Liu, J.; Zhang, Y.; Sun, L. Antiviral Activity of 1-Deoxynojirimycin Extracts of Mulberry Leaves Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Animals 2025, 15, 1207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15091207
Sun Y, Wang L, Ma K, Shen M, Liu J, Zhang Y, Sun L. Antiviral Activity of 1-Deoxynojirimycin Extracts of Mulberry Leaves Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Animals. 2025; 15(9):1207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15091207
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Yiwei, Liyan Wang, Keke Ma, Manman Shen, Jiying Liu, Yujuan Zhang, and Liumei Sun. 2025. "Antiviral Activity of 1-Deoxynojirimycin Extracts of Mulberry Leaves Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus" Animals 15, no. 9: 1207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15091207
APA StyleSun, Y., Wang, L., Ma, K., Shen, M., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., & Sun, L. (2025). Antiviral Activity of 1-Deoxynojirimycin Extracts of Mulberry Leaves Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Animals, 15(9), 1207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15091207