COVID-19’s Impact on the Pan African Sanctuary Alliance: Challenging Times and Resilience from Its Members
1
School of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
2
Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
3
Pan African Sanctuary Alliance (PASA), Portland, OR 97219, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Animals 2023, 13(9), 1486; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13091486
Submission received: 20 March 2023
/
Revised: 24 April 2023
/
Accepted: 25 April 2023
/
Published: 27 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Importance of Sanctuaries and Rehabilitation Centres for Wildlife)
Simple Summary
Sanctuaries have important roles in the in situ conservation of wildlife, including research (e.g., the monitoring of populations) and applied conservation (e.g., translocations). As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, many sanctuaries have been impacted, especially due to the reduction in income from ecotourism. We analyzed the responses of the 23 sanctuary members of the Pan African Sanctuary Alliance (PASA) to the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing the periods before, at the start of, and during the pandemic in terms of primates rescued, employees, and expenses. Overall, sanctuaries managed to continue their activities despite the significant limitation to their incomes. We suggest the best measures to be taken to mitigate the post-pandemic effects and to prevent future outbreaks.
Abstract
The worldwide pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 challenged conservation organizations. The lack of tourism has benefited or negatively affected wildlife organizations in various ways, with several primate sanctuaries struggling to cope with the COVID-19 crisis and to keep providing for their inhabitants. In addition, the genetic similarity between great apes and humans puts them at higher risk than any other species for the transmission of COVID-19. PASA is a non-profit organization comprising 23 sanctuaries, and cares for many species of primate, including African great apes. In light of the pandemic, we aimed to understand the direct effects of COVID-19 on PASA management throughout three time periods: before (2018–2019), at the start of (2019–2020), and during (2020–2021) the pandemic. We collected data via annual surveys for PASA members and ran Generalized Linear Mixed Models to highlight any significant differences in their management that could be linked to COVID-19. Our findings demonstrated no particular impact on the number of primates rescued, employees, or expenses. However, revenues have been decreasing post-COVID-19 due to the lack of income from tourism and volunteer programs. Nonetheless, our results reveal a form of resilience regarding the sanctuaries and the strategy applied to maintain their management. Consequently, we emphasize the specific impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak and its repercussions for conservation work. We discuss the difficulties that sanctuaries have faced throughout the crisis and present the best measures to prevent future outbreaks and protect biodiversity.
Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2; conservation; sanctuary; primates; management; ecotourism; best practices; pandemic
