Prevalence of Echocardiographic Evidence of Trace Mitral and Aortic Valve Regurgitation in 50 Clinically Healthy, Young Adult Labrador Retrievers without Heart Murmur
Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Animals 2022, 12(18), 2442; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12182442
Submission received: 31 August 2022
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Revised: 14 September 2022
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Accepted: 14 September 2022
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Published: 16 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding Dogs and Cats: For the Suitability of Kittens, Puppies and Their Breeders)
Simple Summary
Screening for various disorders lowers the chance for spreading hereditary diseases by selecting individuals for breeding that do not have that specific disorder. Screening examinations, which are typically performed in clinically healthy animals, can pick up diseases in an early stage, when clinical signs are absent. On the other hand, screenings might also reveal anomalies of questionable relevance. In the present study, healthy young Labrador retrievers were screened with cardiac ultrasound for congenital heart defects. In half of the dogs, a small leakage of a cardiac valve was found, which finding is often a sign of a heart disease. However, in this breed and age group, this leaky valve is most likely innocent and represents a variation of normal.
Abstract
Background—Though physiologic regurgitation of the right-sided cardiac valves is well recognized in dogs and other mammals, the prevalence of trace insufficiency of the mitral and aortic valves in clinically healthy, young adult dogs is unknown. Methods—In this observational cross-sectional study, 50 clinically healthy, young adult Labrador retrievers without an audible heart murmur were enrolled. All dogs were bred and owned by a single organization. Cardiac screening was requested for all dogs that were intended for breeding. These dogs underwent a cardiac auscultation and transthoracic echocardiography by a veterinary cardiology specialist. If mitral or aortic valve regurgitation was noticed, the jet size was subjectively assessed on color Doppler echocardiography. Pedigree analysis was performed to reveal a possible hereditary background of mitral valve regurgitation. Results—The prevalence of trivial mitral valve regurgitation was 52% with no significant predisposition to gender (p = 0.86) or haircoat color (p = 0.68). The prevalence of aortic valve regurgitation was 4%. Pedigree analysis for mitral valve regurgitation showed familial clustering, suggesting a hereditary background of the trait. Conclusions—The prevalence of silent trace mitral valve regurgitation in young adult Labrador retrievers was high. Because the regurgitant jet was trivial in all dogs, it is probably physiologic.
Keywords:
auscultation; congenital; hereditary; physiologic regurgitation; valve dysplasia
