Twenty Years of Research in Seabass and Seabream Welfare during Slaughter
1
Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Universidad de Huelva, 21004 Huelva, Spain
2
Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura-GIA, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Animals 2021, 11(8), 2164; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082164
Submission received: 20 June 2021
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Revised: 14 July 2021
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Accepted: 19 July 2021
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Published: 22 July 2021
(This article belongs to the Collection New Approaches to Fish Welfare)
Simple Summary
Sea cage farms dominate European aquaculture production of seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). It means that to complete the commercialization process, fish must be crowded in a net, lifted from the rearing cage, and placed in a stunning/slaughtering tank during the extraction procedure. Brailing and pumping are the two techniques used. The brailing involves the use of a large net that is hoisted by a crane, and the fish and water are released from the brail by opening the closed end of the net with a release. The fish enter water through a pipe and pass through a grid that removes the water before being placed in the stunning/slaughtering tank. This paper examines the scientific progress made in these areas over the last two decades in relation to farmed seabass and seabream describing the consequences of different methodologies on the time fish takes to reach the unconscious stage, the different concentrations of stress indicators in plasma, and the evolution of flesh quality related to spoilage during fish shelf-life.
Abstract
The behavioural responses of fish to a stressful situation must be considered an adverse reaction caused by the perception of pain. Consequently, the handling prior to stunning and the immediacy of loss consciousness following stunning are the aspects to take into account during the slaughtering process. The most common commercial stunning method in seabream and seabass is based on hypothermia, but other methods such as electrical stunning, carbon dioxide narcosis or anaesthetic with clove oil, are discussed in relation to the time to reach the unconsciousness stage and some welfare indicators. Although seawater plus ice slurry is currently accepted in some guidelines of fish welfare well practices at slaughter, it cannot be considered completely adequate due to the deferred speed at which cause loss of consciousness. New methods of incorporating some kind of anaesthetic in the stunning tank could be a solution to minimize the impact on the welfare of seabass and seabream at slaughtering.
Keywords:
seabass; seabream; welfare; stunning; slaughtering
