Selection of Urbanized Areas by Magpie Pica pica in a Medium Size City in Poland
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Field Study
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. The Proportion of Particular Habitat Types in Gorzów Wlkp
Land Use | Urban Atlas Code | Area [ha] | % |
Green urban areas | 14100 | 394.0 | 4.6% |
Sports and leisure facilities | 14200 | 419.1 | 4.9% |
Arable land (annual crops) | 21000 | 1978.9 | 23.1% |
Pastures | 23000 | 1792.5 | 20.9% |
Forests | 31000 | 679.6 | 7.9% |
Herbaceous vegetation associations | 32000 | 381.3 | 4.4% |
Wetlands | 40000 | 9.3 | 0.1% |
Water | 50000 | 126.4 | 1.5% |
Continuous Urban Fabric | 11100 | 455.5 | 5.3% |
Discontinuous Dense Urban Fabric | 11210 | 687.0 | 8.0% |
Discontinuous Medium Density Urban Fabric | 11220 | 90.0 | 1.0% |
Discontinuous Low Density Urban Fabric | 11230 | 4..2 | 0.0% |
Discontinuous very low density urban fabric | 11240 | 51.0 | 0.6% |
Isolated Structures | 11300 | 51.6 | 0.6% |
Industrial, commercial, public, military and private units | 12100 | 903.6 | 10.5% |
Fast transit roads and associated land | 12210 | 28.4 | 0.3% |
Other roads and associated land | 12220 | 314.9 | 3.7% |
Railways and associated land | 12230 | 63.7 | 0.7% |
Mineral extraction and dump sites | 13100 | 60.6 | 0.7% |
Construction sites | 13300 | 68.7 | 0.8% |
Land without current use | 13400 | 11.7 | 0.1% |
Total: | 8572.1 | 100.0% |
Appendix B. Genera or Species of Trees and Shrubs Used by Magpies for Nest Building in Gorzów Wlkp. in 2014
Tree Species | Microhabitat | Additional Description of the Environment | Mean Tree Height; Maximum; Minimum; Standard Deviation | Mean Nest Height Location; Maximum; Minimum; Standard Deviation | |||||||||
Single Tree | Tree Cluster 2-3 | Tree Cluster 4-10 | Tree Cluster > 10 | Row of Trees | Unclassfied | Park | Allotment Gardens | Cementary | Near Open Water | Unclassified | |||
Acer sp. 11.2% | 14 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 6 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 40 | 13.1; 21.0; 5.0; 4.1 | 11.9; 4.0; 19.0; 3.6 | |
Aesculus sp. 0.8% | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 13.2; 15.0; 10.0; 2.5 | 10.7; 9.0; 13.0; 2.1 | |||||
Alnus sp. 1.1% | 0 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 12.7; 15.0; 10.0; 2.6 | 10.0; 7.0; 12.0; 2.3 | ||||||
Betula sp. 12.5% | 15 | 12 | 15 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 54 | 13.8; 20.0; 5.0; 3.9 | 11.4; 4.0; 20.0; 3.5 | |
Carpinus sp. 0.8% | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 19.0; 20.0; 17.0; 1.7 | 16.8; 14.0; 19.0; 2.2 | |||||
Corylus sp. 0.2% | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5.0; 5.0; 5.0; - | 4.0; 4.0; 4.0; - | ||||||||
Crataegus sp.0.2% | 1 | 1 | 12.0; 12.0; 12.0; - | 10.0; 10.0; 10.0; - | |||||||||
Fraxinus sp. 0.2% | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7.0; 7.0; 7.0; - | 4.0; 4.0; 4.0; - | ||||||||
Juglans sp. 0.4% | 1 | 1 | 2 | 11.0; 11.0; 11.0; - | 9.0; 9.0; 9.0; - | ||||||||
Larix sp. 1.5% | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 11.0; 14.0; 8.0; 2.8 | 9.8; 7.0; 13.0; 2.2 | ||||||
Malus sp. 0.6% | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6.7; 8.0; 5.0; 1.5 | 5.3; 4.0; 6.0; 1.2 | ||||||
Picea sp. 20.1% | 19 | 20 | 39 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 22 | 1 | 71 | 9.5; 18.0; 5.0; 3.2 | 8.1; 4.0; 15.0; 2.5 | ||
Pinus sp. 0.4% | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 9.7; 12.0; 5.0; 4.0 | 8.3; 4.5; 11.0; 3.5 | |||||||
Platanus sp. 0.2% | 0 | 1 | 1 | 17.0; 17.0; 17.0; - | 16.0; 16.0; 16.0; - | ||||||||
Populus sp. 19.5% | 22 | 17 | 2 | 1 | 47 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 84 | 20.8; 33.0; 10.0; 5.0 | 17.3; 8.0; 30.0; 4.2 | |
Prunus sp. 1.5% | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5.7; 7.0; 4.0; 1.1 | 4.3; 3.0; 6.0; 1.1 | |||||
Pyrus sp. 0.4% | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8.5; 13.0; 4.0; 6.4 | 7.5; 4.0; 11.0; 4.9 | |||||||
Quercus sp. 1.1% | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 18.0; 27.0; 11.0; 8.2 | 14.8; 10.0; 22.0; 5.4 | |||||||
Robinia sp. 8.7% | 5 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 32 | 14.2; 22.0; 5.0; 4.1 | 12.5; 4.0; 20.0; 3.8 | |
Salix sp. 10.2% | 16 | 9 | 13 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 40 | 11.3; 19.0; 4.0; 3.7 | 9.3; 3.0; 17.0; 3.4 | |||
Tilia sp. 3.2% | 4 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 12.2; 16.0; 8.0; 2.2 | 10.7; 4.0; 15.0; 2.7 | |||
Unmarked 5.1% | 9 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 14 | 10.8; 19.0; 5.0; 3.5 | 9.8; 4.0; 16.0; 3.1 | |
Total [%] | 116 [24.6] | 85 [18.0] | 95 [20.1] | 23 [4.9] | 124 [26.3] | 29 [6.1] | 23 [4.9] | 42 [8.9] | 8 [1.7] | 15 [3.2] | 384 [81.4] | 13.4; 33.0; 4.0; 5.5 | 11.5; 30.0; 3.0; 4.8 |
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Variables | Estimate | Robust SE | Pr(>|z|) | LL | UL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Intercept) | 0.48955 | 0.220202 | 0.0262 | 0.057955 | 0.921146 |
Distance to the border | 0.000405 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.00026 | 0.000549 |
Tree height | 0.049789 | 0.022938 | 0.0300 | 0.004831 | 0.094747 |
(Intercept) | −0.35433 | 0.197455 | 0.07273 | −0.74134 | 0.03268 |
Distance.border.m. | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.44917 | <0.001 | 0.000189 |
Tree.height.mean. | 0.872784 | 0.018679 | <0.001 | 0.836173 | 0.909395 |
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Ciebiera, O.; Czechowski, P.; Morelli, F.; Piekarski, R.; Bocheński, M.; Chachulska-Serweta, J.; Jerzak, L. Selection of Urbanized Areas by Magpie Pica pica in a Medium Size City in Poland. Animals 2021, 11, 1738. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061738
Ciebiera O, Czechowski P, Morelli F, Piekarski R, Bocheński M, Chachulska-Serweta J, Jerzak L. Selection of Urbanized Areas by Magpie Pica pica in a Medium Size City in Poland. Animals. 2021; 11(6):1738. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061738
Chicago/Turabian StyleCiebiera, Olaf, Paweł Czechowski, Federico Morelli, Robert Piekarski, Marcin Bocheński, Justyna Chachulska-Serweta, and Leszek Jerzak. 2021. "Selection of Urbanized Areas by Magpie Pica pica in a Medium Size City in Poland" Animals 11, no. 6: 1738. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061738
APA StyleCiebiera, O., Czechowski, P., Morelli, F., Piekarski, R., Bocheński, M., Chachulska-Serweta, J., & Jerzak, L. (2021). Selection of Urbanized Areas by Magpie Pica pica in a Medium Size City in Poland. Animals, 11(6), 1738. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061738