Farm Animals Are Long Away from Natural Behavior: Open Questions and Operative Consequences on Animal Welfare
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Domestication Changed Animal Traits
3. Questions and Answers about Modern Farm Animals
4. Practical Implications
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Trait | Livestock Species |
---|---|
Curly tails | Dog, pig |
Depigmentation | Cattle, dog, goat, horse, pig, rabbit |
Docility | Cattle, dog, donkey, goat, horse, pig, rabbit, sheep |
Floppy ears | Cattle, donkey, dog, rabbit |
More frequent estrous cycles | Dog, goat |
Neotenous (juvenile) behavior | Dog |
Reduced ears | Dog |
Shorter muzzles | Cattle, dog, goat, pig, sheep |
Smaller brain or cranial capacity | Cattle, dog, goat, horse, pig, rabbit |
Smaller teeth | Dog, pig |
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Cesarani, A.; Pulina, G. Farm Animals Are Long Away from Natural Behavior: Open Questions and Operative Consequences on Animal Welfare. Animals 2021, 11, 724. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030724
Cesarani A, Pulina G. Farm Animals Are Long Away from Natural Behavior: Open Questions and Operative Consequences on Animal Welfare. Animals. 2021; 11(3):724. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030724
Chicago/Turabian StyleCesarani, Alberto, and Giuseppe Pulina. 2021. "Farm Animals Are Long Away from Natural Behavior: Open Questions and Operative Consequences on Animal Welfare" Animals 11, no. 3: 724. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030724