A Cat Skeleton from the Balatlar Church Excavation, Sinop, Turkey
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Achaeological Site
2.2. Zooarchaeological Evidence
2.3. Calculation of Domestic Status and Morphology
2.4. Osteometric Measurements
2.5. Animal Age Estimation
2.6. Animal Sex Estimation
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mandibula | ||
No. | Measurement | Reference |
1 | Total length: length from the condyle process-infradentale | von den Driesch, 1976: No.1 [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: No.1 [36]; Kratochvil, 1973: No.2 [37]; Teichert, 1978: No.2 [39]; Guintard and Arnaud, 2003: No.1 [40] |
2 | Length from the indentation between the condyle process and the angular process-infradentale | von den Driesch, 1976: No.2 [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: No.3 [36]; Kratochvil, 1973: No.4 [37]; Teichert, 1978: No.4 [39]; Guintard and Arnaud, 2003: No.2 [40] |
3 | The condyle process-aboral border of the canine alveolus | von den Driesch, 1976: No.3 [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: No.5 [36]; Kratochvil, 1973: No.5 [37]; Teichert, 1978: No.5 [39]; Guintard and Arnaud, 2003: No.3 [40] |
4 | Length from the indentation between the condyle process and the angular process-aboral border of the canine alveolus | von den Driesch, 1976:No.4 [35]; Kratochvil, 1973: No.6 [37]; Teichert, 1978: No.6 [39]; Guintard and Arnaud, 2003: No.4 [40] |
5 | Length from the angular process-infradentale | von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: No.2 [36]; Kratochvil, 1973: No.3 [37]; Teichert, 1978: No.3 [39]; Guintard and Arnaud, 2003: No.11 [40] |
6 | Length from the condyle process-oral border of the canine alveolus | von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: No.4 [36] |
7 | Length from the coronoid process–infradentale | Kratochvil, 1973: No.1 [37]; Teichert, 1978: No.4 [39] |
8 | Length from the angular process-aboral border of the canine alveolus | Kratochvil, 1973: No.7 [37]; Teichert, 1978: No.7 [39] |
9 | Length of the cheektooth row, P3-M1, measured along the alveoli | von den Driesch, 1976:No.5 [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: No.9 [36]; Kratochvil, 1973: No.9 [37]; Teichert, 1978: No.9 [39]; Guintard and Arnaud, 2003: No.5 [40] |
10 | Length of the carnassial (M1), measured at the cingulum | von den Driesch, 1976: No.6-length [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: No.10-length [36]; Kratochvil, 1973: No.11 [37]; Teichert, 1978: No.11 [39]; Guintard and Arnaud, 2003: No.6 [40] |
11 | Breadth of the carnassial (M1), measured at the cingulum | von den Driesch, 1976:No.6-breadth [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: No.10-breadth [36]; Kratochvil, 1973: No.12 [37]; Teichert, 1978: No.12 [39]; Guintard and Arnaud, 2003: No.6a [40] |
12 | Length of the carnassial alveolus | von den Driesch, 1976:No.7 [35]; Guintard and Arnaud, 2003: No.7 [40] |
13 | Length of the premolar row, P3-P4, measured along the alveoli | Kratochvil, 1973: No.10 [37]; Teichert, 1978: No.10 [39] |
14 | Height of the vertical ramus (Ramus mandibulae): basal point of the angular process-Coronion | von den Driesch, 1976:No.8 [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: No.11 [36]; Kratochvil, 1973: No.15 [37]; Teichert, 1978: No.15 [39]; Guintard and Arnaud, 2003: No.8 [40] |
15 | Height of the mandible behind M1, measured on the buccal side | von den Driesch, 1976:No.9 [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: No.12 [36]; Kratochvil, 1973: No.14 [37]; Teichert, 1978: No.14 [39]; Guintard and Arnaud, 2003: No.9 [40] |
16 | Height of the mandible between P3-P4, measured on the buccal side | Kratochvil, 1973: No.13 [37]; Teichert, 1978: No.13 [39] |
17 | Heigth of the mandible in front of P3, measured on the buccal side | von den Driesch, 1976:No.10 [35]; Guintard and Arnaud, 2003: No.10 [40] |
18 | Length of the C1-M1: length of the aboral border of the canine alveolus-the aboral border of the M1 alveolus | Kratochvil, 1973: No.8 [37]; Teichert, 1978: No.8 [39] |
19 | Length of the aboral border of the M1 alveolus-infradentale | Guintard and Arnaud, 2003: No.12 [40] |
Scapula | ||
No | Measurement | Reference |
1 | Height along the spine | von den Driesch, 1976: HS [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: HS [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.11 [38] |
2 | Diagonal height: From the most distal point of the scapula to the thoracic angle | von den Driesch, 1976: DHA [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: DHA [36] |
3 | Greatest dorsal length | von den Driesch, 1976: Ld [35]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.12 [38] |
4 | Smallest length of the collum scapulae | von den Driesch, 1976: SLC [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: SLC [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.13 [38] |
5 | Greatest length of the processus articularis (glenoid) | von den Driesch, 1976: GLP [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: GLP [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.14 [38] |
6 | Length of the glenoid cavity | von den Driesch, 1976: LG [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: LG [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.15 [38] |
7 | Breadth of the glenoid cavity | von den Driesch, 1976: BG [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: BG [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.16 [38] |
8 | Height in the area of the spina scapulae | Kratochvil, 1976: No.10 [38] |
Humerus | ||
No | Measurement | Reference |
1 | Greatest length | von den Driesch, 1976: GL [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: GL [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.17 [38] |
2 | Greatest length from caput | von den Driesch, 1976: GLC [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: GLC [36] |
3 | Greatest breadth of the proximal end | von den Driesch, 1976: Bp [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: Bp [36] |
4 | Depth of the proximal end | von den Driesch, 1976: Dp [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: Dp [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.18 [38] |
5 | Smallest breadth of the diaphysis | von den Driesch, 1976: SD [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: SD [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.19 [38] |
6 | Breadth of the distal end | von den Driesch, 1976: Bd [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: Bd [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.20 [38] |
Radius | ||
No | Measurement | Reference |
1 | Greatest length | von den Driesch, 1976: GL [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: GL [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.21 [38] |
2 | Greatest breadth of the proximal end | von den Driesch, 1976: Bp [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: Bp [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.22 [38] |
3 | Depth of the proximal end | Kratochvil, 1976: No.23 [38] |
4 | Smallest breadth of the diaphysis | von den Driesch, 1976: SD [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: SD [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.24 [38] |
5 | Greatest breadth of the distal end | von den Driesch, 1976: Bd [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: Bd [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.25 [38] |
Ulna | ||
No | Measurement | Reference |
1 | Greatest length | von den Driesch, 1976: GL [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: GL [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.26 [38] |
2 | Length of the olecranon | von den Driesch, 1976: LO [35] |
3 | Depth across the processus anconeus | von den Driesch, 1976: DPA [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: DPA [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.27 [38] |
4 | Smallest depth of the olecranon | von den Driesch, 1976: SDO [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: SDO [36] |
5 | Breadth across the coronoid process | von den Driesch, 1976: BPC [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: BPC [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.28 [38] |
Ossa coxae | ||
No | Measurement | Reference |
1 | Greatest length of one half | von den Driesch, 1976: GL [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: GL [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.39 [38] |
2 | Greatest length of acetabulum including the lip | von den Driesch, 1976: LA [35] |
3 | Greatest length of acetabulum on the rim | von den Driesch, 1976: LAR [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: LAR [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.43 [38] |
4 | Length of the symphysis | von den Driesch, 1976: LS [35]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.42 [38] |
5 | Smallest height of the shaft of ilium | von den Driesch, 1976: SH [35]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.45 [38] |
6 | Smallest breadth of the shaft of ilium | von den Driesch, 1976: SB [35]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.46 [38] |
7 | Inner length of the foramen obturatum | von den Driesch, 1976: Lfo [35] |
Femur | ||
No | Measurement | Reference |
1 | Greatest length | von den Driesch, 1976: GL [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: GL [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.51 [38] |
2 | Greatest breadth of the proximal length | von den Driesch, 1976: Bp [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: Bp [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.52 [38] |
3 | Greatest depth of the caput femoris | von den Driesch, 1976: DC [35]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.53 [38] |
4 | Smallest breadth of the diaphysis | von den Driesch, 1976: SD [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: SD [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.54 [38] |
5 | Greatest breadth of the distal end | von den Driesch, 1976: Bd [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: Bd [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.55 [38] |
Tibia | ||
No | Measurement | Reference |
1 | Greatest length | von den Driesch, 1976: GL [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: GL [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.58 [38] |
2 | Greatest breadth of the proximal end | von den Driesch, 1976: Bp [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: Bp [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.59 [38] |
3 | Smallest breadth of the diaphysis | von den Driesch, 1976: SD [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: SD [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.60 [38] |
4 | Greatest breadth of the distal end | von den Driesch, 1976: Bd [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: Bd [36] |
5 | Greatest depth of the distal end | von den Driesch, 1976: Dd [35]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.61 [38] |
Fibula | ||
No | Measurement | Reference |
1 | Greatest length | von den Driesch, 1976: GL [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: GL [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.62 [38] |
Talus | ||
No | Measurement | Reference |
1 | Greatest length | von den Driesch, 1976: GL [35]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.63 [38] |
Calcaneus | ||
No | Measurement | Reference |
1 | Greatest length | von den Driesch, 1976: GL [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: GL [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.64 [38] |
2 | Greatest breadth | von den Driesch, 1976: GB [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: GB [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.65 [38] |
Metapodials | ||
No | Measurement | Reference |
1 | Greatest length | von den Driesch, 1976: GL [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: GL [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.29, 30, 32, 34, 36, 66, 68, 70, 72 [38] |
2 | Greatest breadth of the distal end | von den Driesch, 1976: Bd [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: Bd [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.31, 33, 35, 67, 69, 71, 73 [38] |
Atlas | ||
No | Measurement | Reference |
1 | Greatest breadth over the wings | von den Driesch, 1976: GB [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: GB [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.4 [38] |
2 | Greatest length | von den Driesch, 1976: GL [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: GL [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.1 [38] |
3 | Greatest breadth of the facies articularis cranialis | von den Driesch, 1976: BFcr [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: BFcr [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.2 [38] |
4 | Greatest breadth of the facies articularis caudalis | von den Driesch, 1976: BFcd [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: BFcd [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.3 [38] |
5 | Greatest length from the facies articularis cranialis to the facies articularis caudalis | von den Driesch, 1976: GLF [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: GLF [36] |
6 | Length of the arcus dorsalis | von den Driesch, 1976: Lad [35] |
7 | Height | von den Driesch, 1976: H [35] |
Axis | ||
No | Measurement | Reference |
1 | Greatest length in the region of the corpus including dens | von den Driesch, 1976: LCDe [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: LCDe [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.5 [38] |
2 | Greatest length of the arch including the processus articulares caudales | von den Driesch, 1976: LAPa [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: LAPa [36] |
3 | Greatest breadth of the facies articularis cranialis | von den Driesch, 1976: BFcr [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: BFcr [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.6 [38] |
4 | Greatest breadth across the processus articulares caudales | von den Driesch, 1976: BPacd [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: BPacd [36] |
5 | Greatest breadth across the processus transversi | von den Driesch, 1976: BPtr [35] |
6 | Smallest breadth of the vertebra | von den Driesch, 1976: SBV [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: SBV [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.7 [38] |
7 | Greatest breadth of the facies articularis caudalis | von den Driesch, 1976: BFcd [35] |
8 | Greatest height | von den Driesch, 1976: H [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: H [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.8 [38] |
9 | Height of the processus spinosus cranially | Kratochvil, 1976: No.9 [38] |
Sacrum | ||
No | Measurement | Reference |
1 | Greatest length on the ventral side | von den Driesch, 1976: GL [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: GL [36] |
2 | Physiological length | von den Driesch, 1976: PL [35]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.37 [38] |
3 | Greatest breadth across the wings | von den Driesch, 1976: GB [35]; von den Driesch and Boessneck, 1983: GB [36]; Kratochvil, 1976: No.38 [38] |
4 | Greatest breadth of the facies articularis cranialis | von den Driesch, 1976: BFcr [35] |
5 | Greatest height of the facies articularis cranialis | von den Driesch, 1976: HFcr [35] |
Bone | Epiphyseal Plate Closure | Smith 1969 | Balatlar Cat | |
---|---|---|---|---|
DAYS | MONTH | Fused/unfused | ||
Humerus | Medial condyle | 98 | 3.3 | Fused |
Humerus | Lateral condyle | 98 | 3.3 | Fused |
Scapula | Tuber&corocoid proccess | 112 | 3.7 | Fused |
Humerus | Medial epicondyle | 112–126 | 3.7–4.2 | Fused |
Radius | Proximal | 196 | 6.5 | Fused |
Femur | Greater trochanter | 196–232 | 6.5–7.7 | Fused |
Metacarpus | Distal epiphysis II–V | 203–280 | 6.8–9.3 | Fused |
Femur | Femoral head | 210–280 | 7–9.3 | Unfused |
Metatarsus | Distal epiphysis II–V | 224–308 | 7.5–10.3 | Fused |
Femur | Lesser trochanter | 238–308 | 7.9–10.3 | Fused |
Ulna | Proximal (tuberosity of olecranon | 266–364 | 8.9–12.1 | Fused |
Tibia | Distal epiphysis | 280–364 | 9.3–12.1 | Fused |
Fibula | Distal epiphysis | 280–392 | 9.3–13 | Fused |
Tibia | Proximal epiphysis | 350–532 | 11.7–17.7 | Unfused |
Tibia | Tibial tuberosity | 350–532 | 11.7–17.7 | Unfused |
Fibula | Proximal epiphysis | 378–504 | 12.6–16.8 | Unfused |
Femur | Distal epiphysis | 379–532 | 12.6–17.7 | Unfused |
Radius | Distal | 406–616 | 13.5–20.5 | Unfused |
Ulna | Distal epiphysis | 406–700 | 13.5–23.3 | Unfused |
Humerus | Proximal epiphysis | 547–730 | 18.2–24.3 | Unfused |
Measure Number | Bodyside | Balatlar Cat | Angora Cat * | von den Driesch and Boessneck 1983, Felis silvestris f. catus | Kratochvil 1973, Felis silvestris f. catus | Kratochvil 1973, Felis s. silvestris | Teichert 1978, Felis silvestris f. catus | Teichert 1978, Felis silvestris silvestris | Guintard and Arnaud 2003, Felis catus |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Left | 55.01 | 63.55 | 72.00 | 57.27 | 66.34 | 61.40 | 63.70 | 58.50 |
Right | 54.52 | 62.31 | |||||||
Total length (no:1) | Z-score (F.C) | −1.292 | 1.216 | −0.524 | 0.746 | −0.146 | |||
Z-score (F.S) | −1.127 | 0.781 | 0.345 | ||||||
2 | Left | 51.52 | 57.91 | 67.00 | 53.43 | 62.65 | 59.40 | 62.20 | 55.80 |
Right | 51.61 | 58.30 | |||||||
3 | Left | 48.37 | 56.38 | 64.00 | 50.31 | 58.21 | 54.40 | 55.80 | 51.30 |
Right | 48.51 | 57.04 | |||||||
4 | Left | 44.96 | 51.25 | 46.63 | 54.63 | 52.10 | 54.50 | 49.10 | |
Right | 45.33 | 51.50 | |||||||
5 | Left | 53.34 | 60.26 | 69.00 | 55.48 | 65.46 | 61.60 | 65.20 | 57.20 |
Right | 53.51 | 60.35 | |||||||
6 | Left | 52.80 | 60.81 | 69.00 | |||||
Right | 52.84 | 60.44 | |||||||
7 | Left | 54.06 | 60.40 | 58.31 | 66.10 | 64.10 | 64.70 | ||
Right | 53.99 | 60.95 | |||||||
8 | Left | 53.33 | 53.78 | 48.74 | 57.51 | 54.30 | 57.60 | ||
Right | 53.53 | 53.61 | |||||||
9 | Left | 18.89 | 19.59 | 21.00 | 18.41 | 21.70 | 20.00 | 21.20 | 18.90 |
Right | 18.96 | 19.22 | |||||||
10 | Left | 7.16 | 6.23 | 8.00 | 7.00 | 8.55 | 7.30 | 8.50 | 7.20 |
Right | 7.15 | 6.31 | |||||||
11 | Left | 3.18 | 3.12 | 3.00 | 3.20 | 3.73 | 3.10 | 3.60 | 3.10 |
Right | 3.20 | 3.19 | |||||||
12 | Left | 7.78 | 7.02 | 64.00 | 7.00 | ||||
Right | 8.19 | 7.19 | |||||||
13 | Left | 11.89 | 12.67 | 11.29 | 13.39 | 12.50 | 13.00 | ||
Right | 11.93 | 12.78 | |||||||
14 | Left | 23.76 | 27.25 | 29.00 | 23.54 | 28.32 | 25.50 | 28.50 | 25.00 |
Right | 23.75 | 27.82 | |||||||
15 | Left | 9.88 | 10.66 | 12.00 | 10.10 | 11.89 | 11.40 | 11.40 | 9.80 |
Right | 9.78 | 10.25 | |||||||
16 | Left | 8.51 | 10.45 | 9.38 | 11.15 | 10.30 | 10.70 | ||
Right | 8.39 | 10.02 | |||||||
17 | Left | 8.86 | 10.28 | 9.60 | |||||
Right | 8.93 | 10.37 | |||||||
18 | Left | 23.85 | 26.05 | 25.00 | 28.58 | 27.80 | 27.90 | ||
Right | 23.84 | 26.05 | |||||||
19 | Left | 30.28 | 32.23 | 32.60 | |||||
Right | 30.30 | 32.65 |
SCAPULA | Bodyside | 1 | Height Along the Spine (n.1), Z-Score | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BALATLAR CAT | Left | 64.06 | −0.978 | 63.27 | 44.64 | 10.86 | 11.97 | 10.89 | 7.89 | 58.34 |
Right | 64.15 | 63.58 | 44.75 | 10.90 | 12.07 | 10.95 | 7.76 | 58.41 | ||
ANGORA CAT * | Left | 79.41 | 0.876 | 77.28 | 55.35 | 13.54 | 15.02 | 13.23 | 10.05 | 73.07 |
Right | 79.56 | 77.39 | 55.27 | 13.65 | 15.10 | 13.23 | 10.01 | 73.20 | ||
von den Driesch and Boessneck 1983, Felis silvestris f. catus | Left | 79.00 | 0.848 | 82.00 | 13.70 | 16.50 | 15.00 | 10.70 | ||
Right | 79.50 | 82.50 | 13.50 | 16.00 | 14.50 | 10.50 | ||||
Kratochvil 1976, Felis silvestris f. catus ♀ | Mean | 66.02 | −0.747 | 48.70 | 11.61 | 13.16 | 11.06 | 8.69 | 61.23 |
Humerus | Bodyside | 1 | Greatest Length (no.1), Z-Score | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BALATLAR CAT | Left | 92.96 | −0.785 | 92.38 | 14.11 | 18.44 | 5.55 | 15.73 |
Right | 93.02 | 92.40 | 14.71 | 18.05 | 5.59 | 15.63 | ||
ANGORA CAT * | Left | 101.77 | 0.075 | 100.46 | 16.87 | 20.73 | 8.34 | 20.02 |
Right | 102.12 | 100.52 | 17.06 | 20.37 | 8.17 | 19.68 | ||
von den Driesch and Boessneck 1983, Felis silvestris f. catus | Left | 115.50 | 1.386 | 114.00 | 24.80 | 8.80 | 20.20 | |
Right | 115.70 | 114.00 | 24.50 | 9.00 | 20.30 | |||
Kratochvil 1976, Felis silvestris f. catus ♀ | Mean | 94.13 | −0.676 | 19.66 | 6.33 | 17.34 |
Measurements> | Body Side | 1 | Greatest Length (no.1), Z-Score | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Radius | BALATLAR CAT | Left | 88.74 | −0.826 | 6.87 | 5.35 | 5.48 | 11.44 |
Right | 89.86 | 6.84 | 5.32 | 5.26 | 11.43 | |||
ANGORA CAT * | Left | 99.57 | 0.429 | 8.00 | 6.05 | 6.43 | 12.84 | |
Right | 99.89 | 8.24 | 6.04 | 6.41 | 12.93 | |||
von den Driesch and Boessneck 1983, Felis silvestris f. catus | Left | 107.50 | 1.212 | 9.60 | 6.00 | 13.80 | ||
Right | 105.00 | 9.50 | 6.30 | 14.20 | ||||
Kratochvil 1976, Felis silvestris f. catus♀ | Mean | 89.38 | −0.816 | 7.70 | 5.60 | 5.03 | 12.00 | |
Ulna | BALATLAR CAT | Left | 104.10 | 0.316 | 9.60 | 10.55 | 9.29 | 8.55 |
Right | 105.29 | 10.89 | 10.23 | 9.25 | 8.56 | |||
ANGORA CAT * | Left | 115.69 | 0.785 | 11.14 | 12.11 | 10.57 | 9.85 | |
Right | 115.95 | 11.42 | 11.98 | 10.59 | 9.78 | |||
von den Driesch and Boessneck 1983, Felis silvestris f. catus | Left | −1.466 | 13.50 | 11.00 | ||||
Right | 125.00 | 13.00 | 11.70 | 10.50 | ||||
Kratochvil 1976, Felis silvestris f. catus♀ | Mean | 105.88 | 0.366 | 10.41 | 8.37 |
COXAE | Bodyside | 1 | Greatest Length of One Half (No.1), Z-Score | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BALATLAR CAT | Left | −1.129 | |||||||
Right | 72.25 | 10.74 | 9.44 | 9.58 | 4.18 | 18.96 | |||
ANGORA CAT * | Left | 84.38 | 0.692 | 13.80 | 11.12 | 34.86 | 12.68 | 5.72 | 21.07 |
Right | 83.91 | 12.72 | 11.06 | 34.62 | 12.76 | 5.34 | 21.33 | ||
von den Driesch and Boessneck 1983, Felis silvestris f. catus | Left | 86.00 | 0.977 | 14.00 | |||||
Right | 86.00 | 14.00 | |||||||
Kratochvil 1976, Felis silvestris f. catus ♀ | Mean | 76.10 | −0.540 | 10.51 | 27.14 | 10.42 | 4.35 |
Femur | Bodyside | 1 | Greatest Length (no.1), Z-Score | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BALATLAR CAT | Left | 101.71 | −0.791 | 18.29 | 8.76 | 7.38 | 16.89 |
Right | 102.16 | 18.57 | 8.85 | 7.41 | 17.20 | ||
ANGORA CAT * | Left | 112.34 | 0.169 | 21.01 | 10.38 | 9.95 | 19.02 |
Right | 113.14 | 21.02 | 10.39 | 10.16 | 19.11 | ||
von den Driesch and Boessneck 1983, Felis silvestris f. catus | Left | 126.50 | 1.348 | 23.00 | 11.00 | 22.00 | |
Right | 125.50 | 22.80 | 10.50 | 21.00 | |||
Kratochvil 1976, Felis silvestris f. catus♀ | Mean | 102.66 | −0.727 | 19.51 | 9.48 | 7.99 | 17.84 |
Tibia | Bodyside | 1 | Greatest Length (no.1), Z-Score | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BALATLAR CAT | Left | 109.30 | −0.740 | 17.94 | 6.84 | 12.92 | 8.99 |
Right | 109.27 | 17.94 | 6.66 | 13.45 | 8.95 | ||
ANGORA CAT * | Left | 117.87 | 0.209 | 21.04 | 8.36 | 14.89 | 10.01 |
Right | 116.72 | 20.98 | 8.48 | 14.65 | |||
von den Driesch and Boessneck 1983, Felis silvestris f. catus | Left | 126.50 | 1.330 | 22.50 | 9.50 | 16.00 | |
Right | 127.00 | 22.50 | 9.50 | 16.00 | |||
Kratochvil 1976, Felis silvestris f. catus ♀ | Mean | 108.78 | −0.800 | 18.78 | 6.92 | 9.17 |
Fibula | 1 | Greatest Length (no.1), Z-Score | |
---|---|---|---|
BALATLAR CAT | Left | 101.93 | −0.771 |
Right | 101.17 | ||
ANGORA CAT * | Left | 110.63 | 0.283 |
Right | 110.99 | ||
von den Driesch and Boessneck 1983, Felis silvestris f. catus | Left | 119.7 | 1.294 |
Right | |||
Kratochvil 1976, Felis silvestris f. catus ♀ | Mean | 101.24 | −0.806 |
Bone> | AST | Greatest Length (no.1) | CAL | Greatest Length (no.1) | CAL | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measurements> | 1 | Z-Score | 1 | Z-Score | 2 | |
BALAT CAT | Left | 14.42 | −1.040 | 26.4 | −1.194 | 10.88 |
Right | 14.44 | 26.57 | 11.8 | |||
ANGORA CAT * | Left | 16.28 | 0.954 | 30.29 | 0.588 | 12.63 |
Right | 16.12 | 30.33 | 12.71 | |||
von den Driesch and Boessneck 1983, Felis silvestris f. catus | Left | 31.00 | 1.026 | 13.30 | ||
Right | 31.50 | 14.00 | ||||
Kratochvil 1976, Felis silvestris f. catus ♀ | Mean | 15.43 | 0.086 | 28.15 | −0.420 | 11.57 |
Metapodial Bone Number> | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BALATLAR CAT | Metacarpus | Left | GL | 26.80 | 30.77 | 28.94 | 23.87 | |
Bd | 4.55 | 4.79 | 4.26 | 4.40 | ||||
Right | GL | 26.92 | 30.92 | 29.14 | 24.28 | |||
Bd | 4.49 | 4.85 | 4.31 | 4.31 | ||||
Metatarsus | Left | GL | 44.34 | 48.97 | 48.33 | 43.26 | ||
Bd | 4.65 | 5.98 | 5.77 | 5.00 | ||||
Right | GL | 44.88 | 48.43 | 49.17 | 43.62 | |||
Bd | 4.71 | 5.68 | 5.28 | 4.80 | ||||
ANGORA CAT * | Metacarpus | Left | GL | 30.14 | 34.72 | 33.45 | 27.66 | |
Bd | 4.85 | 5.19 | 4.76 | 4.73 | ||||
Right | GL | 30.39 | 34.95 | 33.57 | 27.92 | |||
Bd | 5.32 | 5.2 | 4.77 | 4.72 | ||||
Metatarsus | Left | GL | 51.11 | 53.47 | 54.47 | 47.43 | ||
Bd | 5.2 | 6.32 | 5.73 | 5.89 | ||||
Right | GL | 51.16 | 53.34 | 54.41 | 47.17 | |||
Bd | 5.04 | 6.18 | 5.58 | 5.63 | ||||
von den Driesch and Boessneck 1983, Felis silvestris f. Catus | Metacarpus | GL | 13.00 | 33.70 | 38.30 | 36.70 | 31.30 | |
Bd | 5.30 | 5.80 | 5.50 | 4.90 | ||||
Metatarsus | GL | 53.30 | 53.30 | 58.80 | 58.50 | 56.30 | ||
Bd | 5.70 | 5.80 | 7.00 | 6.20 | 5.00 | |||
Kratochvil 1976, Felis silvestris f. catus ♀ | Metacarpus | GL | 10.77 | 27.34 | 31.45 | 29.91 | 24.99 | |
Bd | 4.24 | 4.36 | 4.09 | |||||
Metatarsus | GL | 43.75 | 48.09 | 48.80 | 46.70 | |||
Bd | 4.72 | 5.17 | 4.77 | 4.32 |
ATLAS | 1 | Z-Score (No.1) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BALATLAR CAT | 30.08 | −1.057 | 18.98 | 21.35 | 15.18 | 16.42 | 8.50 | 13.24 | ||
ANGORA CAT * | 37.11 | 0.396 | 21.15 | 23.81 | 16.97 | 17.06 | 8.59 | 14.42 | ||
von den Driesch and Boessneck 1983, Felis silvestris f. catus | 41.00 | 1.199 | 23.30 | 25.00 | 18.50 | 20.00 | ||||
Kratochvil 1976, Felis silvestris f. catus♀ | 32.59 | −0.538 | 16.62 | 21.32 | 15.01 | |||||
EPISTROPHEUS | 1 | Z-score (No.1) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
BALATLAR CAT | 22.67 | −0.761 | 23.01 | 14.64 | 14.98 | 9.27 | 8.97 | 18.54 | 6.45 | |
ANGORA CAT * | 25.38 | 0.146 | 28.78 | 15.90 | 18.19 | 16.94 | 10.30 | 10.32 | 21.13 | 7.41 |
von den Driesch and Boessneck 1983, Felis silvestris f. catus | 29.00 | 1.359 | 29.00 | 17.00 | 17.50 | 11.50 | ||||
Kratochvil 1976, Felis silvestris f. catus♀ | 22.72 | −0.744 | 15.13 | 11.11 | 19.16 | 7.16 | ||||
SACRUM | 1 | Z-score (No.1) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||
BALATLAR CAT | 26.66 | −1.153 | 22.98 | 27.11 | 12.55 | 5.00 | ||||
ANGORA CAT * | 32.63 | 0.524 | 26.26 | 29.15 | 14.09 | 6.26 | ||||
von den Driesch and Boessneck 1983, Felis silvestris f. catus | 33.00 | 0.630 | 28.00 | |||||||
Kratochvil 1976, Felis silvestris f. catus♀ | 24.40 | 27.70 |
CAT | Humerus Index | HI Z-Score | Radius Index | RI Z-Score | Femur Index | FI Z-Score | Tibia Index | TI Z-Score | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BALATLAR CAT | Left | 5.97 | 5.99 | −1.196 | 6.18 | 6.02 | 0.136 | 7.26 | 7.26 | −1.153 | 6.26 | 6.18 | −1.006 |
Right | 6.01 | 5.85 | 7.25 | 6.09 | |||||||||
ANGORA CAT * | Left | 8.19 | 8.10 | 1.018 | 6.46 | 6.44 | 1.341 | 8.86 | 8.92 | 1.066 | 7.09 | 7.18 | 0.584 |
Right | 8.00 | 6.42 | 8.98 | 7.27 | |||||||||
von den Driesch and Boessneck 1983, Felis silvestris f. catus | Left | 7.62 | 7.70 | 0.598 | 5.58 | 5.79 | −0.523 | 8.70 | 8.54 | 0.558 | 7.51 | 7.50 | 1.093 |
Right | 7.78 | 6.00 | 8.37 | 7.48 | |||||||||
Kratochvil 1976, Felis silvestris f. catus ♀ | Mean | 6.73 | −0.420 | 5.64 | −0.954 | 7.77 | −0.471 | 6.39 | −0.672 |
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Onar, V.; Köroğlu, G.; Armutak, A.; Öncü, Ö.E.; Siddiq, A.B.; Chrószcz, A. A Cat Skeleton from the Balatlar Church Excavation, Sinop, Turkey. Animals 2021, 11, 288. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020288
Onar V, Köroğlu G, Armutak A, Öncü ÖE, Siddiq AB, Chrószcz A. A Cat Skeleton from the Balatlar Church Excavation, Sinop, Turkey. Animals. 2021; 11(2):288. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020288
Chicago/Turabian StyleOnar, Vedat, Gülgün Köroğlu, Altan Armutak, Öğül Emre Öncü, Abu B. Siddiq, and Aleksander Chrószcz. 2021. "A Cat Skeleton from the Balatlar Church Excavation, Sinop, Turkey" Animals 11, no. 2: 288. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020288
APA StyleOnar, V., Köroğlu, G., Armutak, A., Öncü, Ö. E., Siddiq, A. B., & Chrószcz, A. (2021). A Cat Skeleton from the Balatlar Church Excavation, Sinop, Turkey. Animals, 11(2), 288. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020288