Fattening of Polish Holstein-Friesian × Limousin Bulls under Two Production Systems and Its Effect on the Fatty Acid Profiles of Different Fat Depots
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Specification | Silage n = 9 | Triticale n = 1 | Rapeseed Meal n = 1 | Concentrate I n = 7 | Concentrate II n = 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Triticale (g/kg) | 710 | 770 | |||
Rapeseed meal (g/kg) | 250 | 190 | |||
Dry matter | 397 ± 109.3 | 881 | 887 | 883.9 ± 7.1 | 885.5 ± 8.2 |
In Dry matter [g/kg] | |||||
Organic matter | 920 ± 30.6 | 981 | 927 | 932 ± 13.1 | 925 ± 18.3 |
Crude protein | 141 ±11.4 | 133 | 388 | 189 ± 15.1 | 163 ± 7.1 |
NDF 1 | 569 ± 52.3 | 193 | 310 | 202 ± 11.2 | 184 ± 7.9 |
ADF 2 | 387 ± 59.2 | 44 | 228 | 72 ± 5.8 | 31 ± 8.2 |
DOMD 3 | 741 ± 55.9 | 932 ± 26.5 | 848 ± 4.4 | - | - |
UFV 4 | 0.80 ± 0.03 | 1.21 | 1.01 | 1.18 ± 0.03 | 1.21 ± 0.02 |
PDIN 5 | 82.2 ± 6.64 | 89 | 259 | 122.2 ± 2.4 | 112.4 ± 5.2 |
PDIE 6 | 69.5 ± 2.28 | 109 | 163 | 129.6 ± 5.2 | 121.1 ± 4.7 |
Specification | Semi-Intensive Production System <300 kg BW | Intensive Production System <300 kg BW | Semi-Intensive Production System > 300 kg BW | Intensive Production System > 300 kg BW |
---|---|---|---|---|
Grass silage (kg/100 kg) | 75 | 60 | 75 | 60 |
Concentrate (kg/100 kg) | 25 | 40 | 25 | 40 |
Dry matter | 518.5 | 591.4 | 519.0 | 592.2 |
In Dry matter [g/kg] | ||||
Crude protein | 153 | 160 | 146 | 150 |
NDF 1 | 473 | 415 | 466 | 405 |
ADF 2 | 308 | 184 | 298 | 167 |
UFL | 0.90 | 0.96 | 0.91 | 0.97 |
PDIN | 92.2 | 98.2 | 89.8 | 94.3 |
PDIE | 83.5 | 93.5 | 82.4 | 91.1 |
Production System (PS) | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|
Specification | I | SI | |
Live weight at slaughter, kg | 544.43 | 507.50 | 0.145 |
Hot carcass weight, kg | 312.90 | 280.35 | 0.041 |
Dressing percentage, % | 60.49 | 58.15 | 0.032 |
Conformation score, EUROP system, points | 8.75 | 8.00 | 0.176 |
Fat scores, EUROP system, points | 4.75 | 4.88 | 0.876 |
Weight of the three-rib cut, kg | |||
Share in the three-rib cut, % | |||
fat | 15.59 | 16.69 | 0.316 |
lean meat | 58.43 | 56.37 | 0.167 |
bones | 21.33 | 22.00 | 0.612 |
tendons | 4.65 | 4.94 | 0.672 |
Intramuscular fat content, % | 1.39 | 1.94 | 0.301 |
Production System (PS) | Adipose Tissue (AT) | SEM | Significance | Interaction PS × AT | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Specification | I | SI | SUBF | KIDF | INMF | ITMF | PS | AT | ||
Major fatty acid (FA) groups, % of total FAs | ||||||||||
SFAs | 54.47 | 52.34 | 48.32 B | 58.37 A | 58.10 A | 49.37 B | 0.785 | p ≤0.05 | p ≤0.01 | ns |
UFAs | 45.53 | 47.62 | 51.67 A | 41.57 B | 41.91 B | 50.64 A | 0.788 | ns | p ≤0.01 | ns |
MUFAs | 40.24 | 42.88 | 47.13 A | 37.29 B | 37.21 B | 43.94 A | 0.779 | p ≤0.05 | p ≤0.01 | ns |
PUFAs | 5.30 | 4.74 | 4.55 B | 4.27 B | 4.70 B | 6.70 A | 0.275 | ns | p ≤0.01 | ns |
n-6 | 3.02 | 2.85 | 2.08 B | 2.55 B | 2.62 B | 4.53 A | 0.163 | ns | p ≤0.01 | ns |
n-3 | 1.63 | 1.25 | 1.82 | 1.02 | 1.38 | 1.63 | 0.212 | ns | ns | ns |
Ratios | ||||||||||
PUFA/SFA | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.10 B | 0.07 B | 0.08 B | 0.14 A | 0.006 | ns | p ≤0.01 | ns |
MUFA/SFA | 0.76 | 0.85 | 0.99 A | 0.66 B | 0.65 B | 0.90 A | 0.026 | p ≤0.05 | p ≤0.01 | ns |
n-6/n-3 | 2.53 | 2.32 | 1.93 B | 2.61 A | 2.47 A | 2.75 A | 0.084 | ns | p ≤0.01 | ns |
Saturated fatty acids (SFAs), g/100 g | ||||||||||
C 14:0 | 3.09 | 2.94 | 3.25 A | 3.13 A | 3.21 A | 2.49 B | 0.076 | ns | p ≤0.01 | ns |
C 16:0 | 26.77 | 26.39 | 27.66 | 26.38 | 26.56 | 25.83 | 0.255 | ns | ns | ns |
C 18:0 | 21.43 | 20.01 | 14.73 B | 25.27 A | 24.75 A | 18.49 B | 0.766 | ns | p ≤0.01 | ns |
Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), g/100 g | ||||||||||
C 18:1 T 10 + 11 | 2.23 | 2.09 | 1.86 B | 2.68 A | 2.65 A | 1.48 B | 0.098 | ns | p ≤0.01 | ns |
C 18:1 C9 | 30.71 | 33.24 | 34.82 A | 28.02 B | 28.60 B | 35.82 A | 0.619 | p ≤0.05 | p ≤0.01 | ns |
C 18:1 C11 | 1.37 | 1.33 | 1.47 A | 1.34 AB | 1.19 B | 1.41 AB | 0.031 | ns | p ≤0.01 | ns |
C 18:2 | 2.74 | 2.56 | 1.99 B | 2.45 B | 2.54 B | 3.67 A | 0.118 | ns | p ≤0.01 | ns |
C 18:3 | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.61 B | 0.72 B | 0.72 B | 0.92 A | 0.026 | ns | p ≤0.01 | ns |
CLA | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.44 A | 0.40 A | 0.40 A | 0.28 B | 0.011 | ns | p ≤0.01 | ns |
C 20:4 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.06 B | 0.07 B | 0.05 B | 0.82 A | 0.050 | ns | p ≤0.01 | ns |
C 20:5 EPA | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.06 B | 0.06 B | 0.06 B | 0.15 A | 0.011 | ns | p ≤0.01 | ns |
C 22:5 DPA | 0.47 | 0.14 | 0.62 | 0.06 | 0.28 | 0.35 | 0.147 | ns | ns | ns |
C 22:6 DHA | 0.23 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.06 | 0.21 | 0.08 | 0.059 | ns | ns | ns |
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Sobczuk-Szul, M.; Mochol, M.; Nogalski, Z.; Pogorzelska-Przybyłek, P.; Momot, M. Fattening of Polish Holstein-Friesian × Limousin Bulls under Two Production Systems and Its Effect on the Fatty Acid Profiles of Different Fat Depots. Animals 2021, 11, 3078. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113078
Sobczuk-Szul M, Mochol M, Nogalski Z, Pogorzelska-Przybyłek P, Momot M. Fattening of Polish Holstein-Friesian × Limousin Bulls under Two Production Systems and Its Effect on the Fatty Acid Profiles of Different Fat Depots. Animals. 2021; 11(11):3078. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113078
Chicago/Turabian StyleSobczuk-Szul, Monika, Magdalena Mochol, Zenon Nogalski, Paulina Pogorzelska-Przybyłek, and Martyna Momot. 2021. "Fattening of Polish Holstein-Friesian × Limousin Bulls under Two Production Systems and Its Effect on the Fatty Acid Profiles of Different Fat Depots" Animals 11, no. 11: 3078. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113078