The Contribution of Mutual Grooming to Affiliative Relationships in a Feral Misaki Horse Herd
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Sites, Target Herd, and Study Period
2.2. Behavioral Data Collection and Treatment
2.2.1. Kinship
2.2.2. Grooming
2.2.3. Aggression
2.2.4. Proximity Matrices, Social Rank, and Social Network Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analyses
2.4. Ethical Approval
3. Results
3.1. Mutual Grooming Interaction Structure
3.2. Social Relationships and Interactions Among “6m” Herd Members
3.3. Tau Kr Test
4. Discussion
4.1. Social Structure and Social Ranking in the “6m” Herd
4.2. Mutual Grooming And Affiliative Relationships between Horses
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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6m | 16m | 63m | 20f | 73f | 90f | 94f | 75f | 76m | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6m | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
16m | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
63m | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.25 | 0.25 | |||
20f | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
73f | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |||||
90f | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
94f | 0 | 0 | |||||||
75f | 0.25 | ||||||||
76m |
6m | 16m | 63m | 20f | 73f | 90f | 94f | 75f | 76m | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6m | 0 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
16m | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | ||
63m | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
20f | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||
73f | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |||||
90f | 0 | 0 | 4 | ||||||
94f | 0 | 0 | |||||||
75f | 0 | ||||||||
76m |
6m | 16m | 63m | 20f | 73f | 90f | 94f | 75f | 76m | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6m | 0.2383 | 0.0622 | 0.2313 | 0.1775 | 0.1225 | 0.1328 | 0.0687 | 0.0523 | |
16m | 0.0359 | 0.0514 | 0.0982 | 0.0741 | 0.1166 | 0.0734 | 0.0619 | ||
63m | 0.1274 | 0.2988 | 0.0691 | 0.1294 | 0.1843 | 0.1357 | |||
20f | 0.0544 | 0.3393 | 0.1601 | 0.0839 | 0.0660 | ||||
73f | 0.0798 | 0.0779 | 0.1141 | 0.1769 | |||||
90f | 0.2323 | 0.0705 | 0.0566 | ||||||
94f | 0.0967 | 0.0599 | |||||||
75f | 0.2889 | ||||||||
76m |
6m | 16m | 63m | 20f | 73f | 90f | 94f | 75f | 76m | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6m | 24 | 10 | 13 | 9 | 7 | 14 | 6 | 0 | |
16m | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | ||
63m | 0 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 1 | 2 | |||
20f | 2 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
73f | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |||||
90f | 12 | 4 | 2 | ||||||
94f | 1 | 1 | |||||||
75f | 1 | ||||||||
76m |
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Shimada, M.; Suzuki, N. The Contribution of Mutual Grooming to Affiliative Relationships in a Feral Misaki Horse Herd. Animals 2020, 10, 1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10091564
Shimada M, Suzuki N. The Contribution of Mutual Grooming to Affiliative Relationships in a Feral Misaki Horse Herd. Animals. 2020; 10(9):1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10091564
Chicago/Turabian StyleShimada, Masaki, and Nae Suzuki. 2020. "The Contribution of Mutual Grooming to Affiliative Relationships in a Feral Misaki Horse Herd" Animals 10, no. 9: 1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10091564