Nanoparticles from Equine Fetal Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Enhance the Survival of Injured Chondrocytes
Ki Hoon Kim
1
Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang Daero 1447, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 25354, Korea
2
Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang Daero 1447, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 25354, Korea
3
Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Samnangin-ro 1268-50, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do 50463, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Animals 2020, 10(10), 1723; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101723
Received: 10 August 2020 / Revised: 7 September 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 / Published: 23 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regeneration in Animals)
Simple Summary
Reports on the potential of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treating equine degenerative joint diseases have been increasing over the past few years, in spite of limitations such as uncontrolled differentiation, immunogenicity, and tumorigenicity. We elucidated an allogenic alternative, where equine bone marrow-derived cells (BMC)-derived nanoparticles (BMC-NPs) can be used to promote the growth of chondrocytes, and simultaneously reduce their cytokine-induced apoptosis. The role of BMC-NPs in activation of signaling pathway molecules was also established.
Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can play a restorative role against degenerative joint diseases in horses. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether fetal bone marrow-derived cells (BMC)-derived nanoparticles (BMC-NPs) can stimulate the survival of equine chondrocytes. Equine fetal BMCs were isolated and characterized, and the role of BMC-NPs s in equine chondrocytes undergoing inflammatory cell death was examined. BMCs have several characteristics, such as the potential to differentiate into chondrocytes and osteocytes. Additionally, BMCs expressed immunoregulatory genes in response to treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). We found that BMC-NPs were taken up by equine chondrocytes. Functionally, BMC-NPs promoted the growth of chondrocytes, and reduced apoptosis induced by inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we observed that BMC-NPs upregulated the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) in the presence of IL-1β, and reduced the phosphorylation of TNF-α-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in the chondrocytes. Cumulatively, our study demonstrated that equine fetal BMC-NPs have the potential to stimulate the survival of chondrocytes damaged by inflammatory cytokines. Thus, BMC-NPs may become an alternative cell-free allogenic therapeutic for degenerative joint diseases in horses.
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Keywords:
bone marrow cells; joint diseases; equine chondrocytes; nanoparticles
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MDPI and ACS Style
Kim, K.H.; Park, T.S.; Cho, B.-W.; Kim, T.M. Nanoparticles from Equine Fetal Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Enhance the Survival of Injured Chondrocytes. Animals 2020, 10, 1723.
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