Cudrania tricuspidata Combined with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Modulate Gut Microbiota and Alleviate Obesity-Associated Metabolic Parameters in Obese Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Animals and Experimental Design
2.2. Total Fat Mass and Serum Biochemical Analysis
2.3. DNA Extraction and Sequencing
2.4. Microbial Community Analysis
2.5. Bioinformatic Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Administration L. rhamnosus 4B15 and C. tricuspidata on Body Weight and Metabolic Parameters in Obese Mice
3.2. Microbial Richness and Diversity
3.3. L. rhamnosus 4B15 and C. tricuspidata Altered the Gut Microbiota of Obese Mice
3.4. Synbiotic-Altered Microbiota Is Associated with Metabolic Parameters
3.5. Predicted KEGG Functional Pathways in the Gut Microbiome
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ACE | Abundance-based Estimator |
HFD | High fat diet |
KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes |
LEfSe | Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size |
PCA | Principal Component Analysis |
PICRUSt | Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States |
QIIME | Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology |
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Oh, J.K.; Vasquez, R.; Hwang, I.-C.; Oh, Y.N.; Kim, S.H.; Kang, S.H.; Joung, J.Y.; Oh, N.S.; Kim, S.; Yoon, Y.; et al. Cudrania tricuspidata Combined with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Modulate Gut Microbiota and Alleviate Obesity-Associated Metabolic Parameters in Obese Mice. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1908. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091908
Oh JK, Vasquez R, Hwang I-C, Oh YN, Kim SH, Kang SH, Joung JY, Oh NS, Kim S, Yoon Y, et al. Cudrania tricuspidata Combined with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Modulate Gut Microbiota and Alleviate Obesity-Associated Metabolic Parameters in Obese Mice. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(9):1908. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091908
Chicago/Turabian StyleOh, Ju Kyoung, Robie Vasquez, In-Chan Hwang, Ye Na Oh, Sang Hoon Kim, Shin Ho Kang, Jae Yeon Joung, Nam Su Oh, Sejeong Kim, Yohan Yoon, and et al. 2021. "Cudrania tricuspidata Combined with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Modulate Gut Microbiota and Alleviate Obesity-Associated Metabolic Parameters in Obese Mice" Microorganisms 9, no. 9: 1908. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091908