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Microorganisms
Volume 9
Issue 4
10.3390/microorganisms9040683
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Review

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as a Potential Adjuvant and Delivery System for the Development of SARS-CoV-2 Oral Vaccines

by
Julio Villena
1,2,*,†,
Chang Li
3,†,
Maria Guadalupe Vizoso-Pinto
4,
Jacinto Sacur
4,
Linzhu Ren
5,* and
Haruki Kitazawa
2,6,*
1
Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Tucuman CP4000, Argentina
2
Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
3
Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
4
Infection Biology Laboratory, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Tucuman CP4000, Argentina
5
College of Animal Sciences, Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
6
International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology, Livestock Immunology Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Microorganisms 2021, 9(4), 683; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040683
Submission received: 9 February 2021 / Revised: 18 March 2021 / Accepted: 24 March 2021 / Published: 26 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics for Next Generations)
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Abstract

The most important characteristics regarding the mucosal infection and immune responses against the Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as well as the current vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in development or use are revised to emphasize the opportunity for lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-based vaccines to offer a valid alternative in the fight against this disease. In addition, this article revises the knowledge on: (a) the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the improvement of mucosal antiviral defenses by beneficial Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains, (b) the systems for the expression of heterologous proteins in L. plantarum and (c) the successful expressions of viral antigens in L. plantarum that were capable of inducing protective immune responses in the gut and the respiratory tract after their oral administration. The ability of L. plantarum to express viral antigens, including the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and its capacity to differentially modulate the innate and adaptive immune responses in both the intestinal and respiratory mucosa after its oral administration, indicates the potential of this LAB to be used in the development of a mucosal COVID-19 vaccine.
Keywords: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; vaccine; immunobiotics; recombinant lactobacilli; mucosal immunity; antiviral immunity Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; vaccine; immunobiotics; recombinant lactobacilli; mucosal immunity; antiviral immunity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Villena, J.; Li, C.; Vizoso-Pinto, M.G.; Sacur, J.; Ren, L.; Kitazawa, H. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as a Potential Adjuvant and Delivery System for the Development of SARS-CoV-2 Oral Vaccines. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040683

AMA Style

Villena J, Li C, Vizoso-Pinto MG, Sacur J, Ren L, Kitazawa H. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as a Potential Adjuvant and Delivery System for the Development of SARS-CoV-2 Oral Vaccines. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(4):683. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040683

Chicago/Turabian Style

Villena, Julio, Chang Li, Maria Guadalupe Vizoso-Pinto, Jacinto Sacur, Linzhu Ren, and Haruki Kitazawa. 2021. "Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as a Potential Adjuvant and Delivery System for the Development of SARS-CoV-2 Oral Vaccines" Microorganisms 9, no. 4: 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040683

APA Style

Villena, J., Li, C., Vizoso-Pinto, M. G., Sacur, J., Ren, L., & Kitazawa, H. (2021). Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as a Potential Adjuvant and Delivery System for the Development of SARS-CoV-2 Oral Vaccines. Microorganisms, 9(4), 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040683

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