Evaluation of Multifarious Plant Growth Promoting Trials of Yeast Isolated from the Soil of Assam Tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) Plantations in Northern Thailand
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. Yeast Isolation
2.3. Yeast Identification
2.4. Determination of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) Production
2.5. Determination of Siderophore Production
2.6. Determination of Ammonia Production
2.7. Determination of Mineral Solubilization Ability
2.8. Determination of Extracellular Enzyme Production
3. Results
3.1. Yeast Isolation and Identification
3.2. Determination of IAA Production
3.3. Determination of Siderophore and Ammonia Production
3.4. Determination of Mineral Solubilization Ability
3.5. Determination of Extracellular Enzyme Production
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Site | Location | Soil Type | pH Value | EC (µS/cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | Skad, Pua District, Nan Province | Sandy clay loam | 6.13 | 0.048 |
S2 | Sri Na Pan, Muang District, Nan Province | Sandy clay loam | 6.06 | 0.046 |
S3 | Thep Sadej, Doi Saket District, Chiang Mai Province | Sandy clay loam | 6.54 | 0.049 |
Site | Strain SDBR-CMU | GenBank Number | Closeted Type Species/Similarity (%) | Identification |
---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | S1-01 | MT613405 | Trichosporon asahii CBS 2479/100 | T. asahii |
S1-02 | MT613406 | Papiliotrema laurentii CBS 139 99.87 | P. laurentii | |
S1-03 | MT613407 | Rhodosporidiobolus ruineniae CBS 5001/100 | R. ruineniae | |
S1-04 | MT623567 | Trichosporon asahii CBS 2479/100 | T. asahii | |
S1-05 | MT623565 | Rhodosporidiobolus ruineniae CBS 5001/100 | R. ruineniae | |
S1-06 | MT613408 | Wickerhamomyces anomalus CBS 5759/100 | W. anomalus | |
S1-07 | MT613409 | Trichosporon asahii CBS 2479/100 | T. asahii | |
S1-08 | MT623566 | Trichosporon asahii CBS 2479/100 | T. asahii | |
S1-09 | MT623568 | Rhodosporidiobolus ruineniae CBS 5001/100 | R. ruineniae | |
S1-10 | MT613410 | Aureobasidium melanogenum CBS 105.22/100 | A. melanogenum | |
S1-11 | MT613411 | Wickerhamomyces xylosivorus NBRC 111553/89.85 | Wickerhamomyces sp. 1 | |
S2 | S2-01 | MT613683 | Rhodosporidiobolus ruineniae CBS 5001/100 | R. ruineniae |
S2-02 | MT623569 | Wickerhamomyces xylosivorus NBRC 111553/89.85 | Wickerhamomyces sp. 1 | |
S2-03 | MT623575 | Trichosporon asahii CBS 2479/100 | T. asahii | |
S2-04 | MT613721 | Papiliotrema laurentii CBS 139/99.87 | P. laurentii | |
S2-05 | MT623576 | Rhodosporidiobolus ruineniae CBS 5001/100 | R. ruineniae | |
S2-06 | MT613722 | Wickerhamomyces xylosivorus NBRC 111553/89.85 | Wickerhamomyces sp. 1 | |
S2-07 | MT623572 | Aureobasidium melanogenum CBS 105.22/100 | A. melanogenum | |
S2-08 | MT623573 | Trichosporon asahii CBS 2479/100 | T. asahii | |
S2-09 | MT613858 | Curvibasidium pallidicorallinum CBS 9091/100 | C. pallidicorallinum | |
S2-10 | MT623570 | Wickerhamomyces anomalus CBS 5759/100 | W. anomalus | |
S2-11 | MT623574 | Rhodosporidiobolus ruineniae CBS 5001/100 | R. ruineniae | |
S2-12 | MT613867 | Curvibasidium pallidicorallinum CBS 9091/100 | C. pallidicorallinum | |
S2-13 | MT613870 | Kazachstania aquatica CBS 10102/100 | K. aquatica | |
S2-14 | MT623571 | Wickerhamomyces mori CBS 12678/90.97 | Wickerhamomyces sp. 2 | |
S2-15 | MT613872 | Kazachstania aquatica CBS 10102/100 | K. aquatica | |
S2-16 | MT613876 | Papiliotrema laurentii CBS 139/99.85 | P. laurentii | |
S2-17 | MT613875 | Wickerhamomyces mori CBS 12678/90.97 | Wickerhamomyces sp. 2 | |
S3 | S3-01 | MT626064 | Schwanniomyces pseudopolymorphus CBS:2008/100 | S. pseudopolymorphus |
S3-02 | MT626065 | Apiotrichum scarabaeorum CBS 5601/99.84 | Ap. scarabaeorum | |
S3-03 | MT632028 | Schwanniomyces pseudopolymorphus CBS:2008/100 | S. pseudopolymorphus | |
S3-04 | MT626066 | Saturnispora diversa NRRL Y-5713/100 | Sat. diversa | |
S3-05 | MT639220 | Wickerhamomyces xylosivorus NBRC 111553/89.85 | Wickerhamomyces sp. 1 | |
S3-06 | MT626068 | Galactomyces pseudocandidum CBS 820.71/97.87 | Galactomyces sp. | |
S3-07 | MT632029 | Papiliotrema laurentii CBS 139/99.86 | P. laurentii | |
S3-08 | MT626069 | Trichosporon coremiiforme CBS 2482/99.87 | T. coremiiforme | |
S3-09 | MT622026 | Trichosporon asahii CBS 2479/100 | T. asahii | |
S3-10 | MT626071 | Saturnispora sekii CBS 10931/100 | Sat. sekii | |
S3-11 | MT632027 | Rhodosporidiobolus ruineniae CBS 5001/100 | R. ruineniae | |
S3-12 | MT632031 | Trichosporon coremiiforme CBS 2482/99.87 | T. coremiiforme | |
S3-13 | MT632030 | Saturnispora sekii CBS 10931/100 | Sat. sekii | |
S3-14 | MT632025 | Trichosporon asahii CBS 2479/100 | T. asahii |
Yeast Species | Strain SDBR-CMU | Amount of IAA (mg/L) * |
---|---|---|
Trichosporon asahii | S1-01 | 3.21 ± 2.19 |
S1-04 | 3.65 ± 1.34 | |
S1-07 | 2.12 ± 1.35 | |
S1-08 | 4.21 ± 1.87 | |
S2-03 | 2.53 ± 1.46 | |
S2-08 | 5.02 ± 2.05 | |
S3-09 | 3.82 ± 2.14 | |
S3-14 | 2.35 ± 0.92 | |
Papiliotrema laurentii | S1-02 | 2.35 ± 1.97 |
S2-04 | 3.54 ± 1.06 | |
S2-16 | 2.78 ± 1.53 | |
S3-07 | 2.93 ± 2.04 | |
Rhodosporidiobolus ruineniae | S1-03 | 37.32 ± 3.05 |
S1-05 | 20.45 ± 2.67 | |
S1-09 | 18.38 ± 1.28 | |
S2-01 | 26.73 ± 3.24 | |
S2-05 | 17.45 ± 2.03 | |
S2-11 | 14.63 ± 2.15 | |
S3-11 | 23.45 ± 3.04 | |
Wickerhamomyces sp. 1 | S1-11 | 17.36 ± 2.12 |
S2-02 | 12.45 ± 3.16 | |
S2-06 | 10.38 ± 2/18 | |
S3-05 | 16.63 ± 1.96 | |
Curvibasidium pallidicorallinum | S2-09 | 8.61 ± 1.37 |
S2-12 | 3.62 ± 1.75 | |
Apiotrichum scarabaeorum | S3-02 | 4.24 ± 1.48 |
Trichosporon coremiiforme | S3-08 | 4.56 ± 2.42 |
S3-12 | 3.52 ± 1.87 |
Yeast Species | Strain SDBR-CMU | Solubilization Index */Solubilization Activities | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Ca3(PO4)2 | ZnO | ZnCO3 | ||
Papiliotrema laurentii | S1-02 | 1.32 ± 0.94/Medium | 2.13 ± 0.92/High | – |
S2-04 | 1.04 ± 0.54/Medium | 2.05 ± 0.32/High | – | |
S2-16 | 1.26 ± 0.72/Medium | 2.08 ± 0.24/High | – | |
S3-07 | 1.26 ± 0.36/Medium | 2.07 ± 0.36/High | – | |
Wickerhamomyces anomalus | S1-06 | 1.56 ± 0.61/Medium | 1.34 ± 0.21/Medium | 1.52 ± 0.31/Medium |
S2-10 | 1.48 ± 0.17/Medium | 1.27 ± 0.35/Medium | 1.38 ± 0.52/Medium |
Yeast Species | Strain SDBR-CMU | Enzyme Activity Index * | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amylase | Endoglucanase | Lipase | Pectinase | Protease | Xylanase | ||
Trichosporon asahii | S1-01 | – | 1.57 | 1.25 | – | – | – |
S1-04 | – | 1.43 | 1.28 | – | – | – | |
S1-07 | – | 1.03 | 1.27 | – | – | – | |
S1-08 | – | 1.34 | 1.17 | – | – | – | |
S2-03 | – | 1.06 | 1.24 | – | – | – | |
S2-08 | – | 1.13 | 1.07 | – | – | – | |
S3-09 | – | 1.15 | 1.04 | – | – | – | |
S3-14 | – | 1.23 | 1.08 | – | – | – | |
Papiliotrema laurentii | S1-02 | 1.01 | – | 1.30 | 1.63 | 1.04 | 1.01 |
S2-04 | 1.13 | – | 1.21 | 1.54 | 1.09 | 1.02 | |
S2-16 | 1.08 | – | 1.33 | 1.46 | 1.12 | 1.03 | |
S3-07 | 1.05 | – | 1.08 | 1.38 | 1.07 | 1.06 | |
Rhodosporidiobolus ruineniae | S1-03 | – | 1.07 | 1.09 | – | – | 1.01 |
S1-05 | – | 1.04 | 1.09 | – | – | 1.06 | |
S1-09 | – | 1.34 | 1.07 | – | – | 1.04 | |
S2-01 | – | 1.12 | 1.37 | – | – | 1.02 | |
S2-05 | – | 1.13 | 1.07 | – | – | 1.08 | |
S2-11 | – | 1.09 | 1.07 | – | – | 1.13 | |
S3-11 | – | 1.04 | 1.10 | – | – | 1.03 | |
Apiotrichum scarabaeorum | S3-02 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.04 |
Trichosporon coremiiforme | S3-08 | – | 1.07 | 1.13 | – | – | – |
S3-12 | – | 1.05 | 1.32 | – | – | – | |
Wickerhamomyces anomalus | S1-06 | – | 1.01 | – | – | 1.03 | – |
S2-10 | – | 1.06 | – | – | 1.24 | – | |
Kazachstania aquatica | S2-13 | 1.18 | 1.37 | – | – | – | – |
S2-15 | 1.12 | 1.32 | – | – | – | – | |
Schwanniomyces pseudopolymorphus | S3-01 | 1.05 | 1.16 | – | – | – | – |
S3-03 | 1.04 | 1.12 | – | – | – | – | |
Aureobasidium melanogenum | S1-10 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.07 |
S2-07 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.05 | |
Galactomyces sp. | S3-06 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.01 |
Saturnispora diversa | S3-04 | – | – | 1.20 | – | – | – |
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Kumla, J.; Nundaeng, S.; Suwannarach, N.; Lumyong, S. Evaluation of Multifarious Plant Growth Promoting Trials of Yeast Isolated from the Soil of Assam Tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) Plantations in Northern Thailand. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1168. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081168
Kumla J, Nundaeng S, Suwannarach N, Lumyong S. Evaluation of Multifarious Plant Growth Promoting Trials of Yeast Isolated from the Soil of Assam Tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) Plantations in Northern Thailand. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(8):1168. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081168
Chicago/Turabian StyleKumla, Jaturong, Supakorn Nundaeng, Nakarin Suwannarach, and Saisamorn Lumyong. 2020. "Evaluation of Multifarious Plant Growth Promoting Trials of Yeast Isolated from the Soil of Assam Tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) Plantations in Northern Thailand" Microorganisms 8, no. 8: 1168. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081168