Microbiota Changes Due to Grape Seed Extract Diet Improved Intestinal Homeostasis and Decreased Fatness in Parental Broiler Hens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Nutrition and Feeding Strategies
2.3. Analysis of Plasma (Poly)Phenols by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-q-Q MS)
2.4. Microbiota DNA Extraction and 16S RNA Sequencing
2.5. Tissue RNA Extraction and Reverse Transcription Reaction
2.6. Real Time PCR
2.7. Protein Extraction and Western Blotting
2.8. Oxidative Stress Analysis
2.9. Metabolites
2.10. Hormones
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. GSE Diet Influences Metabolism
3.2. Plasma GSE Phenolic Metabolites
3.3. Caecal Microbiota Composition
3.4. Analysis of Inflammation Markers in Caecal Tissue
3.5. Laying Parameters
4. Discussion
4.1. Time/Concentration Exposure
4.2. Microbiota and GSE
4.3. Improvement of Caecal Homeostasis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Control | 1% LT | 2% ST | |
---|---|---|---|
Phospholipides (g/L) | 1.91 ± 0.04 a | 1.74 ± 0.02 b | 1.75 ± 0.05 b |
Cholesterol (g/L) | 1.80 ± 0.06 a | 1.92 ± 0.12 a | 1.83 ± 0.08 a |
Tryglycerides (g/L) | 7.09 ± 0.28 a | 7.03 ± 0.28 a | 6.71 ± 0.29 a |
Lactate (µg/mL) | 109.86 ± 33.81 a | 177.5 ± 25.58 a | 106.68 ± 29.59 a |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 194.84 ± 28.26 a | 186.36 ± 32.47a | 189.86 ± 39.80 a |
Uric acid (mg/L) | 96.57 ± 4.08 a | 79.55 ± 3.82 b | 76.60 ± 2.21 b |
Calcium (mg/L) | 135.71 ± 4.11 a | 151.39 ± 4.62 a | 106.47 ± 7.05 b |
ROS levels (relative luminescent units) | 0.83 ± 0.04 a | 0.75 ± 0.07 ab | 0.62 ± 0.05 b |
Values (ng /mL) | Control | 1% LT | 2% ST |
---|---|---|---|
(+)-catechin | 0.89 ± 0.13 a | 1.22 ± 0.13 a | 7.95 ± 1.79 b |
(-)-epicatechin | 0.20 ± 0.12 a | 0.61 ± 0.22 a | 3.14 ± 0.83 b |
(-)-epicatechin-3-O-methylether | 1.85 ± 0.28 a | 4.21 ± 1.30 a | 15.59 ± 2.44 b |
(-)-epicatechin-4-O-methylether | 1.63 ± 0.98 a | 1.28 ± 0.31 a | 2.36 ± 0.56 a |
m-coumaric acid | 17.03 ± 1.96 a | 20.25 ± 6.46 a | 60.00 ± 17.47 b |
p-coumaric acid | 5.76 ± 1.13 a | 6.03 ± 1.03 a | 12.96 ± 1.39 b |
2-hydroxybenzoic acid | 22.57 ± 3.36 a | 20.37 ± 2.61 a | 23.62 ± 4.03 a |
3-hydroxybenzoic acid | 43.60 ± 9.96 a | 84.05 ± 17.62 a | 1311.00 ± 363.10 b |
2.4-dihydroxybenzoic acid | 4.80 ± 1.48 a | 6.37 ± 1.11 a | 3.98 ± 1.01 a |
4-hydroxybenzoic acid | 17.81 ± 6.16 a | 9.44 ± 1.81 a | 11.35 ± 3.18 a |
Protocatechuic acid | 8.07 ± 1.37 a | 5.88 ± 0.50 a | 10.00 ± 1.94 a |
Syringic acid | 6.15 ± 0.74 a | 6.14 ± 1.53 a | 7.54 ± 1.56 a |
3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid | 112.00 ± 4.33 a | 150.20 ± 20.72 a | 234.80 ± 14.80 b |
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Grandhaye, J.; Douard, V.; Rodriguez-Mateos, A.; Xu, Y.; Cheok, A.; Riva, A.; Guabiraba, R.; Zemb, O.; Philippe, C.; Monnoye, M.; et al. Microbiota Changes Due to Grape Seed Extract Diet Improved Intestinal Homeostasis and Decreased Fatness in Parental Broiler Hens. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081141
Grandhaye J, Douard V, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Xu Y, Cheok A, Riva A, Guabiraba R, Zemb O, Philippe C, Monnoye M, et al. Microbiota Changes Due to Grape Seed Extract Diet Improved Intestinal Homeostasis and Decreased Fatness in Parental Broiler Hens. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(8):1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081141
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrandhaye, Jeremy, Veronique Douard, Ana Rodriguez-Mateos, Yifan Xu, Alex Cheok, Antonella Riva, Rodrigo Guabiraba, Olivier Zemb, Catherine Philippe, Magali Monnoye, and et al. 2020. "Microbiota Changes Due to Grape Seed Extract Diet Improved Intestinal Homeostasis and Decreased Fatness in Parental Broiler Hens" Microorganisms 8, no. 8: 1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081141