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Article

Alterations in the Ocular Surface Fungal Microbiome in Fungal Keratitis Patients

by
Gumpili Sai Prashanthi
1,†,
Rajagopalaboopathi Jayasudha
1,†,
Sama Kalyana Chakravarthy
1,
Shalem Raj Padakandla
1,
Chinthala Reddy SaiAbhilash
1,
Savitri Sharma
1,
Bhupesh Bagga
2,
Somasheila I. Murthy
2,
Prashant Garg
2 and
Sisinthy Shivaji
1,*
1
Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India
2
Tej Kohli Cornea Institute, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Microorganisms 2019, 7(9), 309; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090309
Submission received: 17 July 2019 / Revised: 28 August 2019 / Accepted: 31 August 2019 / Published: 2 September 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights Into The Molecular Pathogenesis of Ocular Infections)
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Abstract

Keratitis, an inflammatory disease of the eye, when neglected could lead to sight-threatening complications and ultimately blindness. Globally, over a million people are affected by keratitis annually. Keratitis has a microbial etiology and is caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc. The present study compared the ocular surface fungal microbiome of healthy individuals and individuals with fungal keratitis. Fungal microbiomes from the conjunctival swabs of healthy individuals and from conjunctival swabs and corneal scrapings of individuals with fungal keratitis were generated using ITS2 region amplicons. Microbiomes were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq 2 × 250 base pair chemistry with a paired-end protocol. Based on Alpha diversity indices, phylum and genera level diversity, abundance differences, and heat map analysis, the fungal microbiomes of conjunctival swabs and corneal scrapings of individuals with fungal keratitis exhibited dysbiosis (alterations in the diversity and abundance) compared to the ocular surface microbiome of the healthy control individuals. This is the first report indicating dysbiosis in the fungal microbiome of conjunctival swabs and corneal scrapings in individuals with fungal keratitis. A total of 11 genera present in the majority of the eyes constituted the variable core ocular microbiome.
Keywords: fungal keratitis; ocular fungal microbiome; conjunctiva; cornea; NGS fungal keratitis; ocular fungal microbiome; conjunctiva; cornea; NGS
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MDPI and ACS Style

Sai Prashanthi, G.; Jayasudha, R.; Chakravarthy, S.K.; Padakandla, S.R.; SaiAbhilash, C.R.; Sharma, S.; Bagga, B.; Murthy, S.I.; Garg, P.; Shivaji, S. Alterations in the Ocular Surface Fungal Microbiome in Fungal Keratitis Patients. Microorganisms 2019, 7, 309. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090309

AMA Style

Sai Prashanthi G, Jayasudha R, Chakravarthy SK, Padakandla SR, SaiAbhilash CR, Sharma S, Bagga B, Murthy SI, Garg P, Shivaji S. Alterations in the Ocular Surface Fungal Microbiome in Fungal Keratitis Patients. Microorganisms. 2019; 7(9):309. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090309

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sai Prashanthi, Gumpili, Rajagopalaboopathi Jayasudha, Sama Kalyana Chakravarthy, Shalem Raj Padakandla, Chinthala Reddy SaiAbhilash, Savitri Sharma, Bhupesh Bagga, Somasheila I. Murthy, Prashant Garg, and Sisinthy Shivaji. 2019. "Alterations in the Ocular Surface Fungal Microbiome in Fungal Keratitis Patients" Microorganisms 7, no. 9: 309. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090309

APA Style

Sai Prashanthi, G., Jayasudha, R., Chakravarthy, S. K., Padakandla, S. R., SaiAbhilash, C. R., Sharma, S., Bagga, B., Murthy, S. I., Garg, P., & Shivaji, S. (2019). Alterations in the Ocular Surface Fungal Microbiome in Fungal Keratitis Patients. Microorganisms, 7(9), 309. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090309

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