Combination of Posaconazole and Amphotericin B in the Treatment of Candida glabrata Biofilms
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Centre of Biological Engineering, Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
2
Laboratory for Process Engineering Environment Biotechnology and Energy—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2018, 6(4), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6040123
Received: 9 November 2018
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Revised: 27 November 2018
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Accepted: 29 November 2018
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Published: 4 December 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies and Weapons to Fight Antimicrobial Resistance)
Candidemia cases have been increasing, especially among immunosuppressed patients. Candida glabrata is one of the most resistant Candida species, especially to the azole drugs, resulting in a high demand for therapeutic alternatives. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) were determined for posaconazole (Pcz) and amphotericin B (AmB). The drug combinations of both drugs were evaluated on pre-formed biofilms of C. glabrata ATCC 2001, through XTT (2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) assay, colony forming units (CFU), crystal violet, and the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). C. glabrata revealed higher susceptibility and biofilm reduction in the presence of AmB alone, but both drugs revealed a good capacity in the biomass elimination. In the majority of the tested combinations, the interactions were defined as indifferent (FICI ≤ 4). The combination of the two drugs does not seem to bring a clear advantage in the treatment of biofilms of C. glabrata.
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Keywords:
Candida; posaconazole; amphotericin B; biofilms; matrix; antifungal drug; antifungal combination; resistance; Candida glabrata
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MDPI and ACS Style
Rodrigues, C.F.; Alves, D.F.; Henriques, M. Combination of Posaconazole and Amphotericin B in the Treatment of Candida glabrata Biofilms. Microorganisms 2018, 6, 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6040123
AMA Style
Rodrigues CF, Alves DF, Henriques M. Combination of Posaconazole and Amphotericin B in the Treatment of Candida glabrata Biofilms. Microorganisms. 2018; 6(4):123. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6040123
Chicago/Turabian StyleRodrigues, Célia F., Diana F. Alves, and Mariana Henriques. 2018. "Combination of Posaconazole and Amphotericin B in the Treatment of Candida glabrata Biofilms" Microorganisms 6, no. 4: 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6040123
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