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Microorganisms
Volume 13
Issue 9
10.3390/microorganisms13092074
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis Bacteria on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Lipid Metabolism in Models of Obese db/db Mice and 3T3-L1 Adipose Cells

by
Katy Thouvenot
1,
Fanny Le Sage
1,
Angélique Arcambal
1,
David Couret
1,2,
Wildriss Viranaïcken
1,
Philippe Rondeau
1,
Olivier Meilhac
1 and
Marie-Paule Gonthier
1,*
1
UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM, Faculty of Health, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre 97410, La Réunion, France
2
CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre 97410, La Réunion, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2025, 13(9), 2074; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13092074
Submission received: 6 July 2025 / Revised: 31 August 2025 / Accepted: 3 September 2025 / Published: 5 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiota in Human Health and Disease)
Versions Notes

Abstract

During periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and its lipopolysaccharides (LPS) may translocate into the bloodstream and alter adipocyte function, aggravating obesity-related disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory and metabolic effects of P. gingivalis in obese db/db mice, and to decipher the molecular mechanisms targeted by P. gingivalis or its LPS in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Then, we determined the ability of three major dietary polyphenols, namely caffeic acid, quercetin and epicatechin, to protect adipocytes under LPS conditions. Results show that obese mice exposed to P. gingivalis exhibited an altered lipid profile with higher triglyceride accumulation, an enhanced pro-inflammatory response and a reduced antioxidant SOD activity in the adipose tissue. In adipose cells, P. gingivalis and LPS induced the TLR2-4/MyD88/NFκB signaling pathway, and promoted IL-6 and MCP-1 secretion. Bacterial stimuli also increased ROS levels and the expression of NOX2, NOX4 and iNOS genes, while they deregulated mRNA levels of Cu/ZnSOD, MnSOD, catalase, GPx and Nrf2. Interestingly, caffeic acid, quercetin and epicatechin protected adipose cells via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Overall, these findings show the deleterious impact of P. gingivalis on inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in obese mice and adipose cells, and highlight the therapeutic potential of polyphenols in mitigating periodontal bacteria-mediated complications during obesity.
Keywords: obesity; adipocytes; periodontal bacteria; lipopolysaccharides; inflammation; oxidative stress; dietary polyphenols obesity; adipocytes; periodontal bacteria; lipopolysaccharides; inflammation; oxidative stress; dietary polyphenols

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MDPI and ACS Style

Thouvenot, K.; Sage, F.L.; Arcambal, A.; Couret, D.; Viranaïcken, W.; Rondeau, P.; Meilhac, O.; Gonthier, M.-P. Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis Bacteria on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Lipid Metabolism in Models of Obese db/db Mice and 3T3-L1 Adipose Cells. Microorganisms 2025, 13, 2074. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13092074

AMA Style

Thouvenot K, Sage FL, Arcambal A, Couret D, Viranaïcken W, Rondeau P, Meilhac O, Gonthier M-P. Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis Bacteria on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Lipid Metabolism in Models of Obese db/db Mice and 3T3-L1 Adipose Cells. Microorganisms. 2025; 13(9):2074. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13092074

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thouvenot, Katy, Fanny Le Sage, Angélique Arcambal, David Couret, Wildriss Viranaïcken, Philippe Rondeau, Olivier Meilhac, and Marie-Paule Gonthier. 2025. "Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis Bacteria on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Lipid Metabolism in Models of Obese db/db Mice and 3T3-L1 Adipose Cells" Microorganisms 13, no. 9: 2074. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13092074

APA Style

Thouvenot, K., Sage, F. L., Arcambal, A., Couret, D., Viranaïcken, W., Rondeau, P., Meilhac, O., & Gonthier, M.-P. (2025). Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis Bacteria on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Lipid Metabolism in Models of Obese db/db Mice and 3T3-L1 Adipose Cells. Microorganisms, 13(9), 2074. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13092074

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