Seroprevalence of IgG Antibodies Against Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) Virus in Horses in Southern Norway
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. IgG-Antibody Testing
2.3. Statistics
2.4. Spatial Visualization
2.5. Ethical Approval
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics
3.2. Seroprevalence of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Horses in Southern Norway
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total (N = 331) % (n) | Agder (N = 85) % (n) | Vestfold & Telemark (N = 85) % (n) | Vestland (N = 84) % (n) | Viken (N = 77) % (n) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bbsl 1 | 47 (157) | 52 (44) | 42 (36) | 57 (48) | 38 (29) |
Ap 2 | 34 (112) | 53 (45) | 14 (12) | 51 (43) | 16 (12) |
TBEV 3 | 10 (33) | 13 (11) | 9 (8) | 10 (8) | 8 (6) |
Total (N = 331) | Agder (N = 85) | Vestfold & Telemark (N = 85) | Vestland (N = 84) | Viken (N = 77) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
% (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | |
Bbsl 1 | 26 (85) | 19 (16) | 31 (26) | 24 (20) | 30 (23) |
Ap 2 | 13 (42) | 20 (17) | 5 (4) | 18 (15) | 8 (6) |
TBEV 3 | 2 (8) | 0 | 6 (5) | 1 (1) | 3 (2) |
Bbsl + Ap | 17 (55) | 24 (20) | 8 (7) | 29 (24) | 5 (4) |
Bbsl + TBEV | 4 (12) | 6 (5) | 2 (2) | 4 (3) | 3 (2) |
Ap + TBEV | 2 (8) | 4 (3) | 0 | 4 (3) | 3 (2) |
Bbsl + Ap + TBEV | 2 (7) | 6 (5) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 0 |
Total positive | 66 (217) | 78 (66) | 53 (45) | 80 (67) | 51 (39) |
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Kloster, H.; Stormo, C.; Haaland, A.H.; Stuen, S.; Kjelland, V. Seroprevalence of IgG Antibodies Against Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) Virus in Horses in Southern Norway. Microorganisms 2025, 13, 771. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040771
Kloster H, Stormo C, Haaland AH, Stuen S, Kjelland V. Seroprevalence of IgG Antibodies Against Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) Virus in Horses in Southern Norway. Microorganisms. 2025; 13(4):771. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040771
Chicago/Turabian StyleKloster, Hanne, Camilla Stormo, Anita Haug Haaland, Snorre Stuen, and Vivian Kjelland. 2025. "Seroprevalence of IgG Antibodies Against Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) Virus in Horses in Southern Norway" Microorganisms 13, no. 4: 771. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040771
APA StyleKloster, H., Stormo, C., Haaland, A. H., Stuen, S., & Kjelland, V. (2025). Seroprevalence of IgG Antibodies Against Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) Virus in Horses in Southern Norway. Microorganisms, 13(4), 771. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040771