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Volume 11
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10.3390/microorganisms11010138
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Review

Metal Nanoparticles to Combat Candida albicans Infections: An Update

by
Paulo Henrique Fonseca do Carmo
1,*,
Maíra Terra Garcia
1,
Lívia Mara Alves Figueiredo-Godoi
1,
Anna Carolina Pinheiro Lage
2,
Newton Soares da Silva
3 and
Juliana Campos Junqueira
1
1
Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil
2
Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil
3
Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2023, 11(1), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010138
Submission received: 7 December 2022 / Revised: 29 December 2022 / Accepted: 3 January 2023 / Published: 5 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Candida Species Virulence Factors and Their Pathogenicity)
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Abstract

Candidiasis is an opportunistic mycosis with high annual incidence worldwide. In these infections, Candida albicans is the chief pathogen owing to its multiple virulence factors. C. albicans infections are usually treated with azoles, polyenes and echinocandins. However, these antifungals may have limitations regarding toxicity, relapse of infections, high cost, and emergence of antifungal resistance. Thus, the development of nanocarrier systems, such as metal nanoparticles, has been widely investigated. Metal nanoparticles are particulate dispersions or solid particles 10–100 nm in size, with unique physical and chemical properties that make them useful in biomedical applications. In this review, we focus on the activity of silver, gold, and iron nanoparticles against C. albicans. We discuss the use of metal nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for antifungal drugs or natural compounds to increase their biocompatibility and effectiveness. Promisingly, most of these nanoparticles exhibit potential antifungal activity through multi-target mechanisms in C. albicans cells and biofilms, which can minimize the emergence of antifungal resistance. The cytotoxicity of metal nanoparticles is a concern, and adjustments in synthesis approaches or coating techniques have been addressed to overcome these limitations, with great emphasis on green synthesis.
Keywords: antifungal agent; metal nanoparticles; silver; gold; iron; Candida albicans antifungal agent; metal nanoparticles; silver; gold; iron; Candida albicans

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MDPI and ACS Style

Carmo, P.H.F.d.; Garcia, M.T.; Figueiredo-Godoi, L.M.A.; Lage, A.C.P.; Silva, N.S.d.; Junqueira, J.C. Metal Nanoparticles to Combat Candida albicans Infections: An Update. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010138

AMA Style

Carmo PHFd, Garcia MT, Figueiredo-Godoi LMA, Lage ACP, Silva NSd, Junqueira JC. Metal Nanoparticles to Combat Candida albicans Infections: An Update. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(1):138. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010138

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmo, Paulo Henrique Fonseca do, Maíra Terra Garcia, Lívia Mara Alves Figueiredo-Godoi, Anna Carolina Pinheiro Lage, Newton Soares da Silva, and Juliana Campos Junqueira. 2023. "Metal Nanoparticles to Combat Candida albicans Infections: An Update" Microorganisms 11, no. 1: 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010138

APA Style

Carmo, P. H. F. d., Garcia, M. T., Figueiredo-Godoi, L. M. A., Lage, A. C. P., Silva, N. S. d., & Junqueira, J. C. (2023). Metal Nanoparticles to Combat Candida albicans Infections: An Update. Microorganisms, 11(1), 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010138

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