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Article

Output-Based Event-Driven Dissipative Fuzzy Control of DC Microgrids Subject to Hybrid Attacks

1
College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
2
School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Actuators 2025, 14(11), 515; https://doi.org/10.3390/act14110515 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 14 September 2025 / Revised: 22 October 2025 / Accepted: 23 October 2025 / Published: 25 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Control Systems)

Abstract

This paper proposes an event-driven dynamic output feedback dissipative fuzzy (EDDOFDF) control strategy for direct current (DC) microgrids with nonlinear constant power loads (CPLs) subject to hybrid attacks and noises. Firstly, using the measurement output of the microgrid’s fuzzy model and information of hybrid attacks, a Zeno-free resilient event-triggered communication mechanism (RETM) is designed, which can save limited resources such as network bandwidth and actively exclude attack-induced packet dropouts. Secondly, by designing an EDDOFDF security controller, a closed-loop switched fuzzy system model is established, which presents a unified platform to study the impacts of hybrid attacks, RETM, noises, microgrid plant, and controllers. Thirdly, by introducing a piecewise Lyapunov functional, exponential stability conditions in mean square with guaranteed dissipative performance are obtained. Further, sufficient conditions for designing both the EDDOFDF controller and state-feedback switched fuzzy controller are derived. Examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Keywords: DC microgrids; hybrid attacks; T-S fuzzy control; event-triggered control; dissipative control DC microgrids; hybrid attacks; T-S fuzzy control; event-triggered control; dissipative control

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Li, F.; Li, Z.; Gao, L.; Peng, C. Output-Based Event-Driven Dissipative Fuzzy Control of DC Microgrids Subject to Hybrid Attacks. Actuators 2025, 14, 515. https://doi.org/10.3390/act14110515

AMA Style

Li F, Li Z, Gao L, Peng C. Output-Based Event-Driven Dissipative Fuzzy Control of DC Microgrids Subject to Hybrid Attacks. Actuators. 2025; 14(11):515. https://doi.org/10.3390/act14110515

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Fuqiang, Zhe Li, Lisai Gao, and Chen Peng. 2025. "Output-Based Event-Driven Dissipative Fuzzy Control of DC Microgrids Subject to Hybrid Attacks" Actuators 14, no. 11: 515. https://doi.org/10.3390/act14110515

APA Style

Li, F., Li, Z., Gao, L., & Peng, C. (2025). Output-Based Event-Driven Dissipative Fuzzy Control of DC Microgrids Subject to Hybrid Attacks. Actuators, 14(11), 515. https://doi.org/10.3390/act14110515

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