Effects of Stimulus Frequency and Location on Vibrotactile Discrimination Performance Using Voice Coil Actuators on the Forearm
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiment
2.1. General Experiment Setup
2.2. Actuators
2.3. Vibrotactile Sleeve
2.4. Participants
2.5. Procedure
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Frequency (Hz) | Acceleration (g) |
---|---|
100 | 9.6 |
150 | 7.6 |
200 | 6.9 |
250 | 6.7 |
Participant | Gender | Length of Forearm (cm) |
---|---|---|
1 | Female | 21.04 |
2 | Female | 22 |
3 | Female | 22.5 |
4 | Female | 21.8 |
5 | Male | 23.8 |
6 | Male | 24.03 |
7 | Male | 24 |
8 | Male | 25 |
Maximal voltage | 1.4 Vrms at f0 |
Resonance frequency (f0) | 65 Hz ± 5% |
Frequency range | Min. 0.5 G over 35 Hz to 1 kHz |
Nominal impedance | 8 Ω at f0 |
Power handling | Maximum: 320 mW |
Current consumption | Average at medium volume: 10 mA, bass music use-case Average at maximum volume: 57 mA, bass music use-case |
Rise/stop times, 30 g attached mass, no DSP | 5 ms/20 ms @ 150 Hz 12 ms/30 ms @ 100 Hz 15 ms/61 ms @ f0 18 ms/50 ms @ 50 Hz |
Groups Locations of Presenting the First and Second Stimulus | Displacement between Middle and Elbow | Middle/Middle | Displacement between Middle and Wrist | Wrist/Wrist |
---|---|---|---|---|
Elbow–Elbow | * 1.761 × 10−5 | * 7.748 × 10−5 | * 0.0001 | 0.358 |
Displacement between middle and elbow | 0.033 | 0.0408 | * 7.204 × 10−5 | |
Middle–Middle | 0.462 | * 2.406 × 10−5 | ||
Displacement between middle and wrist | * 2.392 × 10−5 |
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Yeganeh, N.; Makarov, I.; Unnthorsson, R.; Kristjánsson, Á. Effects of Stimulus Frequency and Location on Vibrotactile Discrimination Performance Using Voice Coil Actuators on the Forearm. Actuators 2023, 12, 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/act12060224
Yeganeh N, Makarov I, Unnthorsson R, Kristjánsson Á. Effects of Stimulus Frequency and Location on Vibrotactile Discrimination Performance Using Voice Coil Actuators on the Forearm. Actuators. 2023; 12(6):224. https://doi.org/10.3390/act12060224
Chicago/Turabian StyleYeganeh, Nashmin, Ivan Makarov, Runar Unnthorsson, and Árni Kristjánsson. 2023. "Effects of Stimulus Frequency and Location on Vibrotactile Discrimination Performance Using Voice Coil Actuators on the Forearm" Actuators 12, no. 6: 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/act12060224