Next Article in Journal
Wild and Domestic Canids and Their Interactions in the Transmission Cycles of Trypanosoma Cruzi and Leishmania spp. in an Area of the Brazilian Cerrado
Previous Article in Journal
Detection of a Putative Novel Papillomavirus Type within a Large Exophytic Papilloma on the Fetlock of a Horse
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
Journals
Pathogens
Volume 9
Issue 10
10.3390/pathogens9100817
pathogens-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Edit a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share announcement question_answer thumb_up
...
textsms
...
Review

Tissue Proteases and Immune Responses: Influencing Factors of COVID-19 Severity and Mortality

by
Natália Mulinari Turin de Oliveira
1,2,†,
Isabella Fernandes da Silva Figueiredo
1,2,†,
Liziane Cristine Malaquias da Silva
1,2,
Karien Sauruk da Silva
1,2,
Laryssa Regis Bueno
1,2,
Bruna Barbosa da Luz
3,
Cláudia Rita Corso
1,2,
Maria Fernanda Paula Werner
3,
Elizabeth Soares Fernandes
1,2 and
Daniele Maria-Ferreira
1,2,*
1
Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu No 333, Curitiba, PR 80250-200, Brazil
2
Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim No 1532, Curitiba, PR 80250-200, Brazil
3
Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Pathogens 2020, 9(10), 817; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9100817
Received: 9 September 2020 / Revised: 2 October 2020 / Accepted: 4 October 2020 / Published: 6 October 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Immunological Responses and Immune Defense Mechanisms)
View Full-Text Download PDF
Browse Figure

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by the highly transmissible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has affected the global population despite socioeconomic status and amazed surveillance agencies for its incidence, mortality, and recovery rates. COVID-19 affects all age groups; however, it is suggested to progress into severe disease and cause mortality in over 10% of the confirmed cases, depending on the individual characteristics of the affected population. One of the biggest unanswered questions it is why only some individuals develop into the severe stages of the disease. Current data indicate that most of the critically ill are the elderly or those with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and asthma. However, it has been noted that, in some populations, severe disease is mostly observed in much younger individuals (<60-years old) with no reported underlying medical conditions. Certainly, many factors may contribute to disease severity including intrinsic host factors such as genetic variants, the expression levels of tissue proteins, among others. Considering all these aspects, this review aims to discuss how the expression levels of tissue proteases and the different profiles of immune responses influence the susceptibility to COVID-19 as well as disease severity and outcome. View Full-Text
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; host factors; tissue proteases; immune responses; disease outcome COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; host factors; tissue proteases; immune responses; disease outcome
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
SciFeed

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Mulinari Turin de Oliveira, N.; Fernandes da Silva Figueiredo, I.; Cristine Malaquias da Silva, L.; Sauruk da Silva, K.; Regis Bueno, L.; Barbosa da Luz, B.; Rita Corso, C.; Paula Werner, M.F.; Soares Fernandes, E.; Maria-Ferreira, D. Tissue Proteases and Immune Responses: Influencing Factors of COVID-19 Severity and Mortality. Pathogens 2020, 9, 817. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9100817

AMA Style

Mulinari Turin de Oliveira N, Fernandes da Silva Figueiredo I, Cristine Malaquias da Silva L, Sauruk da Silva K, Regis Bueno L, Barbosa da Luz B, Rita Corso C, Paula Werner MF, Soares Fernandes E, Maria-Ferreira D. Tissue Proteases and Immune Responses: Influencing Factors of COVID-19 Severity and Mortality. Pathogens. 2020; 9(10):817. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9100817

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mulinari Turin de Oliveira, Natália, Isabella Fernandes da Silva Figueiredo, Liziane Cristine Malaquias da Silva, Karien Sauruk da Silva, Laryssa Regis Bueno, Bruna Barbosa da Luz, Cláudia Rita Corso, Maria F. Paula Werner, Elizabeth Soares Fernandes, and Daniele Maria-Ferreira. 2020. "Tissue Proteases and Immune Responses: Influencing Factors of COVID-19 Severity and Mortality" Pathogens 9, no. 10: 817. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9100817

Find Other Styles
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Article Access Map by Country/Region

1
Back to TopTop