Application of Hydrogen Peroxide as an Innovative Method of Treatment for Legionella Control in a Hospital Water Network
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Setting
4.2. Water Disinfection
4.3. Sample Collection and Detection of Legionella spp.
4.4. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References and Notes
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p-Values | T0 3 July 2013 | T1 29 July 2013 | T2 25 October 2013 | T3 29 January 2014 | T4 7 July 2014 | T5 11 November 2014 | T6 2 February 2015 | T7 25 May 2015 | T8 26 October 2015 | T9 15 February 2016 | T10 27 January 2016 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T0—3 July 2013 | 1 | 0.670 | 0.790 | 0.136 | 0.241 | 0.003 * | 0.003 * | 0.012 * | 0.003 * | 0.003 * | 0.033 * |
T1—29 July 2013 | 0.670 | 1 | 0.873 | 0.286 | 0.456 | 0.011 * | 0.011 * | 0.038 * | 0.011 * | 0.011 * | 0.088 |
T2—25 October 2013 | 0.790 | 0.873 | 1 | 0.220 | 0.365 | 0.007 * | 0.007 * | 0.025 * | 0.007 * | 0.007 * | 0.062 |
T3—29 January 2014 | 0.136 | 0.286 | 0.220 | 1 | 0.749 | 0.136 | 0.136 | 0.311 | 0.136 | 0.136 | 0.522 |
T4—7 July 2014 | 0.241 | 0.456 | 0.365 | 0.749 | 1 | 0.070 | 0.070 | 0.183 | 0.070 | 0.070 | 0.337 |
T5—11 November 2014 | 0.003 | 0.011 | 0.007 | 0.136 | 0.070 | 1 | 1.000 | 0.631 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.394 |
T6—2 February 2015 | 0.003 | 0.011 | 0.007 | 0.136 | 0.070 | 1.000 | 1 | 0.631 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.394 |
T7—25 May 2015 | 0.012 | 0.038 | 0.025 | 0.311 | 0.183 | 0.631 | 0.631 | 1 | 0.631 | 0.631 | 0.709 |
T8—26 October 2015 | 0.003 | 0.011 | 0.007 | 0.136 | 0.070 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.631 | 1 | 1.000 | 0.394 |
T9—15 February 2016 | 0.003 | 0.011 | 0.007 | 0.136 | 0.070 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.631 | 1.000 | 1 | 0.394 |
T10—27 June 2016 | 0.033 | 0.088 | 0.062 | 0.522 | 0.337 | 0.394 | 0.394 | 0.709 | 0.394 | 0.394 | 0 |
3 July 2013 | 29 July 2013 | 25 October 2013 | 29 January 2014 | 7 July 2014 | 11 November 2014 | 2 February 2015 | 25 May 2015 | 26 October 2015 | 15 February 2016 | 27 June 2016 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ICU | |||||||||||
Iron Ions (µg/L Fe) | 140 | n.a | 300 | 140 | 120 | 210 | <40 | 50 | 184 | 80 | n.a |
Turbidity (NTU) | 2.74 | 1.62 | 2.75 | 3.92 | 4.18 | 2.6 | <0.5 | 1.13 | n.a | 0.66 | < 0.5 |
ONCO | |||||||||||
Iron Ions (µg/L Fe) | 180 | n.a | 230 | 50 | 70 | 230 | 40 | <40 | 144 | <40 | n.a |
Turbidity (NTU) | 6.73 | 0.85 | 0.73 | 1.34 | 0.36 | 2.68 | <0.5 | <0.5 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 1.42 |
3 July 2013 | 29 July 2013 | 25 October 2013 | 29 January 2014 | 7 July 2014 | 11 November 2014 | 2 February 2015 | 25 May 2015 | 26 October 2015 | 15 February 2016 | 27 June 2016 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ED | |||||||||||
Temperature (°C) | 48.1 | 42.6 | 37.6 | 42.4 | 42 | 41 | 40 | 42.5 | 42.7 | 40 | 46.3 |
pH (pH units) | 7.4 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.6 |
conductivity (µS/cm) | 1394 | 1365 | 761 | 880 | 865 | 886 | 945 | 911 | 895 | 906 | 927 |
HP (mg/L) | n.a. | 25 | 25 | 10 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | |
ICU | |||||||||||
Temperature (°C) | 45.7 | 44 | 41 | 44.5 | 47.2 | 44.5 | 35 | 46 | 44 | 43.7 | 47.5 |
pH (pH units) | 7.4 | 7.2 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.7 |
conductivity (µS/cm) | 1398 | 1380 | 790 | 882 | 869 | 885 | 923 | 904 | 892 | 907 | 923 |
HP (mg/L) | n.a. | 25 | 25 | 10 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | |
ONCO | |||||||||||
Temperature (°C) | 49.4 | 49 | 47.8 | 49.5 | 49.4 | 49.2 | 49 | 49.9 | 45.6 | 47.4 | 48.8 |
pH (pH units) | 7.4 | 7.2 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.7 |
conductivity (µS/cm) | 1399 | 1364 | 804 | 880 | 869 | 887 | 944 | 903 | 894 | 907 | 925 |
HP (mg/L) | n.a. | 25 | 25 | 10 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | |
OBST-GYN | |||||||||||
Temperature (°C) | 47.8 | 48 | 49.5 | 49.2 | 48.7 | 49.7 | 49.5 | 46 | 48 | 46.5 | 49.4 |
pH (pH units) | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.7 |
conductivity (µS/cm) | 1398 | 1361 | 807 | 876 | 864 | 885 | 945 | 902 | 893 | 902 | 924 |
HP (mg/L) | n.a. | 25 | 25 | 10 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | |
RIC | |||||||||||
Temperature (°C) | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 50.1 | 50.4 | 51 | 50.8 | 45.6 | 51.4 | 53.7 |
pH (pH units) | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.6 |
conductivity (µS/cm) | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 870 | 886 | 948 | 906 | 896 | 907 | 926 |
HP (mg/L) | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 10 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
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Casini, B.; Aquino, F.; Totaro, M.; Miccoli, M.; Galli, I.; Manfredini, L.; Giustarini, C.; Costa, A.L.; Tuvo, B.; Valentini, P.; et al. Application of Hydrogen Peroxide as an Innovative Method of Treatment for Legionella Control in a Hospital Water Network. Pathogens 2017, 6, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens6020015
Casini B, Aquino F, Totaro M, Miccoli M, Galli I, Manfredini L, Giustarini C, Costa AL, Tuvo B, Valentini P, et al. Application of Hydrogen Peroxide as an Innovative Method of Treatment for Legionella Control in a Hospital Water Network. Pathogens. 2017; 6(2):15. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens6020015
Chicago/Turabian StyleCasini, Beatrice, Francesco Aquino, Michele Totaro, Mario Miccoli, Irio Galli, Laura Manfredini, Carlo Giustarini, Anna Laura Costa, Benedetta Tuvo, Paola Valentini, and et al. 2017. "Application of Hydrogen Peroxide as an Innovative Method of Treatment for Legionella Control in a Hospital Water Network" Pathogens 6, no. 2: 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens6020015
APA StyleCasini, B., Aquino, F., Totaro, M., Miccoli, M., Galli, I., Manfredini, L., Giustarini, C., Costa, A. L., Tuvo, B., Valentini, P., Privitera, G., & Baggiani, A. (2017). Application of Hydrogen Peroxide as an Innovative Method of Treatment for Legionella Control in a Hospital Water Network. Pathogens, 6(2), 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens6020015